The Effects of Different Exercise Training Programs on Cognitive Performance: A Stroop Test Study

不同健身運動介入對認知功能之影響：Stroop測驗研究

10.6194/SCS.2015.40.11

齊璘(Lin Chi)；吳治翰(Chih-Han Wu)；何育敏(Yu-Min Ho)

有氧運動 ； 執行功能 ； 運動型態 ； 身體適能 ； aerobic exercise ； executive function ； exercise modality ； physical fitness

運動教練科學

40期（2015 / 12 / 01）

153 - 161

英文

目的：本研究之目的在探究兩種運動型態介入對多樣性認知功能之效益。方法：招募26位社區居住的健康老年人（年齡=64.42歲，標準差=4.92年），並將之分配於多功能體能訓練組（例如：肌肉力量、協調性、敏捷，以及柔軟度等訓練）與舞蹈組（例如：土風舞訓練）。兩組別皆參與為期三個月且每週兩次的健身運動課程。而認知測驗是包含顏色、中性，以及異質等情境的Stroop測驗來評估多種認知功能之概念。結果：無論任何情境，兩組皆顯著增進時間效益。此外，兩種健身運動組別在Stroop測驗情境中並無顯著的差異。結論：本研究發現，無論何種健身運動型態介入，皆可提升認知功能等多項概念，以及結合協調訓練的亦能有益於認知功能。

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was attempted to investigate the differences between effects concerning two types of exercise training programs relating to multiple cognitive functions. Methods: Twenty-six healthy community dwelling elders (age=64.42 years, SD=4.92 years) were assigned into either a multi-functional exercise fitness group (i.e., exercise involving muscle strength, coordination, balance, agility and flexibility) or a dancing group (i.e., Folkdance). Two exercise programs were involved in these specific exercise contexts, twice weekly, for three months, whereby Stroop Tests, featuring color, neutral, and incongruent conditions, were employed to assess multiple aspects of cognition. Results: There were significant time effects for both the exercise training group, with shorter reaction times following the exercise intervention, regardless of the three Stroop Test conditions. Conclusion: These findings implied that short length exercise programs, regardless of the exercise modes, enhanced multiple aspects of cognitive functions. Moreover, it is possible that the exercise involved coordinative features that would lead to beneficial cognitive effects.

1. Angevaren, M.,Aufdemkampe, G.,Verhaar, H. J.,Aleman, A.,Vanhees, L.(2008).Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment.The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,3
2. Chang, Y. K.,Tsai, C. L.,Huang, C. C.,Wang, C. C.,Chu, I. H.(2014).Effects of acute resistance exercise on cognition in late middle-aged adults: General or specific cognitive improvement?.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,17(1),51-55.
3. Chodzko-Zajko, W.,Kramer, A. F.,Poon, L. W.(2009).Enhancing cognitive functioning and brain plasticity.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
4. Colcombe, S. J.,Kramer, A. F.(2003).Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study.Psychological Science,14(2),125-130.
5. Dustman, R. E.,Ruhling, R. O.,Russell, E. M.,Shearer, D. E.,Bonekat, H. W.,Shigeoka, J. W.(1984).Aerobic execise and improved neuropsychological function in older adults.Neurobiology of Aging,5,35-42.
6. Etnier, J. L.,Chang, Y. K.(2009).The effect of physical activity on executive function: A brief commentary on definitions, measurement issues, and the current state of the literature.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,31(4),469-483.
7. Etnier, J. L.,Nowell, P. M.,Landers, D. M.,Sibley, B. A.(2006).A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance.Brain Research Reviews,52(1),119-130.
8. Perner, J.,Lang, B.(1999).Development of theory of mind and executive control.Trends in Cognitive Sciences,3(9),337-344.
9. Salthouse, T. A.,Atkinson, T. M.,Berish, D. E.(2003).Executive functioning as a potential mediator of age-related cognitive decline in normal adults.Journal of Experimental Psychology General,132(4),566-594.
10. Sibley, B. A.,Etnier, J. L.(2003).The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: A meta-analysis.Pediatric Exercise Science,15,243-256.
11. Smiley-Oyen, A. L.,Lowry, K. A.,Francois, S. J.,Kohut, M. L.,Ekkekakis, P.(2008).Exercise, fitness, and neurocognitive function in older adults: The "selective improvement" and "cardiovascular fitness" hypotheses.Annals of Behavioral Medicine,36(3),280-291.
12. Smith, P. J.,Blumenthal, J. A.,Hoffman, B. M.,Cooper, H.,Strauman, T. A.,Welsh-Bohmer, K.(2010).Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials.Psychosomatic Medicine,72(3),239-252.
13. Spirduso, W. W.(1975).Reaction and movement time as a function of age and physical activity level.Journal of Gerontology,30(4),435-440.
14. Verburgh, L.,Königs, M.,Scherder, E. J.,Oosterlaan, J.(2014).Physical exercise and executive functions in preadolescent children, adolescents and young adults: A metaanalysis.British Journal of Sports Medicine,48(12),973-979.
15. Voelcker-Rehage, C.,Godde, B.,Staudinger, U. M.(2010).Physical and motor fitness are both related to cognition in old age.The European Journal of Neuroscience,31(1),167-176.
16. Voelcker-Rehage, C.,Godde, B.,Staudinger, U. M.(2011).Cardiovascular and coordination training differentially improve cognitive performance and neural processing in older adults.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,5,1-12.

1. 鄭麗蘭,楊坤瑜,陳依靈,許原慈(2023)。營養補充及肌力訓練對高齡者認知功能之探討。休閒運動健康評論，12(1)，61-70。