四週輕艇訓練期間增補牛初乳對血液淋巴細胞次群及唾液免疫球蛋白A的影響

Effects of Bovine Colostrums Supplementation during a 4-Week Canoe/Kayak Training Program on Blood Lymphocyte Subsets and Saliva Immunoglobulin A

10.6194/SCS.2016.43.05

李婷婷(Ting-Ting Lee)；簡鸝慧(Li-Hui Chien)；李綿綿(Mien-Mien Lee)；李再立(Tzai-Li Li)

輕艇測功儀 ； 白血球次群 ； B細胞 ； canoe/kayak ergometry ； white blood cell subset ； B cell

運動教練科學

43期（2016 / 09 / 01）

33 - 46

繁體中文

目的：本研究旨在探討在為期4 週的輕艇訓練期間增補牛初乳是否會影響輕艇選手的運動表現、白血球數量、嗜中性白血球數量、淋巴細胞數量、淋巴細胞次群比例及數量、唾液IgA 濃度及分泌量。方法：本研究以22 位自願參加的男性輕艇選手為受試者（年齡：15.90 ± 2.31 歲；身高：172.24 ± 5.59 公分；體重：63.30 ± 6.95 公斤；體脂肪百分比：13.77 ± 3.76%）。本研究採雙盲設計。受試者依運動表現分配至牛初乳增補組（BC，每天20 克，n = 11）或安慰劑組（PL，n = 11）。在增補期前、後，受試者皆接受身體組成及輕艇測功儀運動表現檢測，增補第1 天訓練前、後（Pre-rest & Pre-post）及第28天訓練前、後（Post-rest & Post-post）採集血液及唾液樣本。本研究採用混合設計二因子變異數分析（組別 × 時間）考驗牛初乳增補前後之運動表現、身體組成、血液及唾液樣本中之生物參數，若有交互作用則以最小顯著差異法（least significant difference, LSD）進行事後比較，顯著水準訂為α = .05。結果：受試者在4 週的專項訓練後，運動表現、體重及體脂肪百分比於兩組之間無顯著差異；白血球數量、嗜中性白血球數量、淋巴細胞數量、淋巴細胞次群（CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD56+）及CD4 ／CD8 比值均無組間差異。唾液流量及唾液IgA 濃度無顯著變化，惟安慰劑組的IgA 流量顯著高於前測（0.08 ± 0.05vs. 0.12 ± 0.08 mg/min, p ＜ .05）。結論：為在為期4 週的輕艇訓練期間，每日增補20 克牛初乳不會對輕艇運動表現、身體組成、白血球、嗜中性白血球、淋巴細胞、淋巴細胞次群比例及數量、唾液IgA 濃度及分泌量造成影響。

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of bovine colostrums (BC) supplementation during a 4-week canoe/kayak training program on blood lymphocyte subsets and saliva immunoglobulin A (IgA). Methods: Twenty-two well-trained male kayak athletes (age 15.90 ± 2.31 years, height 172.24 ± 5.59 cm, body mass 63.30 ± 6.95 kg, body fat 13.77 ± 3.76%) were voluntarily participated in this study. This study used double-blind design. Participants were paired by performance then assigned into BC supplementation group (BC, 20 g each day) or placebo group (PL). Before and after supplement, participants were asked to assess body composition and performance on kayak ergometry. Blood and saliva samples were collected pre-supplementation (Pre-rest & Pre-post) as well as post-supplementation (Post-rest and Post-post) at first and 28th day respectively. A mixed-design two-way (groups × time) ANOVA was adopted with post hoc least significant difference (LSD). Statistical significance was set at α = .05. Results: There were no significant difference in body composition, exercise performance, blood counts of leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil, percentages and counts of CD4^+, CD8^+, CD19^+, CD56^+ lymphocytes, and CD4/CD8 ratio between the two groups. Significantly higher IgA flow rate at Post-Pre than that at Pre in PL group was observed (0.08 ± 0.05 vs. 0.12 ± 0.08 mg/min, p ＜ .05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that the a 4-week BC supplementation during training period not changed exercise performance, body composition, leukocyte, lymphocyte subsets and saliva immunoglobulin A (IgA) in canoe/kayak athletes.

1. Li, T.-L.(2007).Exercise and salivary IgA response..Journal of Exercise Physiology and Fitness,6,35-49.
   連結：
2. Li, T.-L.(2008).Immunoendocrine responses to daily repeated exercise and the influence of carbohydrate supplementation.Journal of Exercise Physiology and Fitness,7,1-13.
   連結：
3. Antonio, J.,Sanders, M. S.,Van Gammeren, D.(2001).The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women..Nutrition,17(3),243-247.
4. Biswas, P.,Vecchi, A.,Mantegani, P.,Mantelli, B.,Fortis, C.,Lazzarin, A.(2007).Immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells..New Bicrobiologica,30(4),447-454.
5. Brinkworth, G. D.,Buckley, J. D.(2003).Concentrated bovine colostrum protein supplementation reduces the incidence of selfreported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adult males.European Journal of Nutrition,42(4),228-232.
6. Brinkworth, G. D.,Buckley, J. D.,Bourdon, P. C.,Gulbin, J. P.,David, A.(2002).Oral bovine colostrum supplementation enhances buffer capacity but not rowing performance in elite female rowers.International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,12(3),349-365.
7. Buckley, J. D.,Abbott, M. J.,Brinkworth, G. D.,Whyte, P. B. D.(2002).Bovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training improves recovery, but not performance.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,5(2),65-79.
8. Buckley, J. D.,Brinkworth, G. D.,Abbott, M. J.(2003).Effect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor I.Journal of Sports Sciences,21(7),577-588.
9. Carol, A.,Witkamp, R. F.,Wichers, H. J.,Mensink, M.(2011).Bovine colostrums supplementation's lack of effect on immune variables during short-term intense exercise in well-trained athletes.International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,21(2),135-145.
10. Carrillo, A. E.,Koutedakis, Y.,Flouris, A. D.(2013).Exercise and exposure to heat following bovine colostrum supplementation: A review of gastrointestinal and immune function.Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-grand),59(1),84-88.
11. Coombes, J. S.,Conacher, M.,Austen, S. K.,Marshall, P. A.(2002).Dose effects of oral bovine colostrum on physical work capacity in cyclists.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,34(7),1184-1188.
12. Crooks, C. V.,Cross, M. L.,Wall, C. R.,Ali, A.(2010).Effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on respiratory tract mucosal defenses in swimmers.International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,20(3),224-235.
13. Crooks, C. V.,Wall, C. R.,Cross, M. L.,Rutherfurd-Markwick, K. J.(2006).The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on salivary IgA in distance runners.International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,16(1),47-64.
14. Davison, G.(2013).Bovine colostrum and immune function after exercise.Medicine and Sport Science,59,62-69.
15. Davison, G.,Diment, B. C.(2010).Bovine colostrum supplementation attenuates the decrease of salivary lysozyme and enhances the recovery of neutrophil function after prolonged exercise.British Journal of Nutrition,103(10),1425-1432.
16. Fahlman, M. M.,Engels, H. J.(2005).Mucosal IgA and URTI in American college football players: A year longitudinal study.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,37(3),374-380.
17. He, F.,Tuomola, E.,Arvilommi, H.,Salminen, S.(2001).Modulation of human humoral immune response through orally administered bovine colostrum.FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology,31(2),93-96.
18. Hofman, Z.,Smeets, R.,Verlaan, G.,Lugt, R.,Verstappen, P. A.(2002).The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in elite field hockey players.International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,12(4),461-469.
19. Jones, A. W.,Cameron, S. J. S.,Thatcher, R.,Beecroft, M. S.,Mur, L. A. J.,Davison, G.(2014).Effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on upper respiratory illness in active males.Brain, Behavior, and Immunity,39,194-203.
20. Li, T.-L.,Gleeson, M.(2004).The effect of single and repeated bouts of prolonged cycling and circadian variation on saliva flow rate, immunoglobulin A and α-amylase responses.Journal of Sports Sciences,22(11-12),1015-1024.
21. Li, T.-L.,Wu, C.-L.,Gleeson, M.,Williams, C.(2004).The effects of pre-exercise high carbohydrate meals with different glycemic indices on blood leukocyte redistribution, IL-6 and hormonal responses during a subsequent prolonged exercise.International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,14(6),647-656.
22. McKean, M. R.,Burkett, B. J.(2014).The influence of upper-body strength on flat-water sprint kayak performance in elite athletes.International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,9(4),707-714.
23. Mero, A.,Kähkönen, J.,Nykänen, T.,Parviainen, T.,Jokinen, I.,Takala, T.(2002).IGF-I, IgA, and IgG responses to bovine colostrum supplementation during training.Journal of Applied Physiology,93(2),732-739.
24. Nieman, D. C.(2000).Is infection risk linked to exercise workload?.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,32(Suppl 7),S406-S411.
25. Nieman, D. C.(1994).The effect of exercise on immune function.Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases,43(8),5-8.
26. Sethi, S. K.,Bianco, A.,Allen, J. T.,Knight, R. A.,Spiteri, M. A.(1997).Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) down-regulates the rhinovirus-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human airway epithelial cells.Clinical & Experimental Immunology,110(3),362-369.
27. Shing, C. M.,Hunter, D. C.,Stevenson, L. M.(2009).Bovine colostrum supplementation and exercise performance.Sports Medicine,39(12),1033-1054.
28. Shing, C. M.,Jenkins, D. G.,Stevenson, L.,Coombes, J. S.(2006).The influence of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in highly trained cyclists.British Journal and Sports Medicine,40(9),797-801.
29. Struff, W. G.,Sprotte, G.(2007).Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: A review. Part I: Biotechnological standards, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics and principles of treatment.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,45(4),193-202.
30. van Hooijdonk, A. C.,Kussendrager, K. D.,Steijns, J. M.(2000).In vivo antimicrobial and antiviral activity of components in bovine milk and colostrum involved in non-specific defence.The British Journal of Nutrition,84(Suppl 1),S127-S134.
31. Walsh, N. P.,Gleeson, M.,Pyne, D. B.,Nieman D. C.,Dhabhar, F. S.,Shephard, R. J.(2011).Position statement. Part two: Maintaining immune health.Exercise Immunology Review,17,64-103.