姿勢與步頻對室內拔河後退步之影響

The Effect of Start Posture and Stepping Rate on The Pulling Performance of Indoor Tug of War

10.6194/SCS.2017.48.03

許筑宇(Jhu-Yu Syu)；陳秀惠(Hsiu-Hui Chen)；劉有德(Yeou-Teh Liu)

室內拔河 ； 拉力 ； 後退步 ； indoor tug of war ； pulling force ； backward steps

運動教練科學

48期（2017 / 12 / 01）

21 - 30

繁體中文

目的：在室內拔河比賽的過程中，穩定地產生後退步及拉力是影響勝負很重要的關鍵。過去研究發現，當選手以低姿勢實施後退步時，可以產生較高的拉力，且步頻亦會影響其拉力表現，但較少探討不同姿勢高度下不同步頻是否會影響拉力表現與穩定性。本研究目的為探討步頻及姿勢高度對於室內拔河後退步拉力表現及變異性之影響。方法：實驗參與者共有8位拔河選手。以MLP-500 load cell、BIOPAC MP150和AcqKnowledge 3.9等系統收集拉力數據，並用一台JVC攝影機拍攝每一步推蹬距離與推蹬時間。所有參與者必須在3種姿勢高度（低、中、高）下執行3種步頻（2 Hz、1Hz、0.5 Hz）共9次的後退步拉力測驗。每次測驗時間為30秒，測驗間休息3分鐘。以SPSS 20.0 for Windows版進行重複量數二因子變異數分析，比較拉力峰值、推蹬時間、推蹬距離之平均數和標準差在不同步頻及姿勢高度下之差異。結果：當選手以低姿勢執行後退步時，有顯著較高的拉力峰值且有顯著較大的變異性。而推蹬時間的變異性在低頻率時，會隨著姿勢越高而有增加的趨勢。結論：本研究提供了姿勢高度與步頻對於個人後退步表現及變異性影響之資料。室內拔河是一種團隊運動，個人表現之變異性可能在團隊整體表現中加成或是扺消。未來可進一步探討拔河比賽中個人步頻及姿勢高度對於室內拔河團體表現之影響。

Purpose: Maintaining a high, steady pulling force while stepping backward is an important technique in indoor tug of war. Literature shows that a low starting posture for stepping backward produces a higher pulling force. Furthermore, step rate and step size also play important roles in producing high pulling force. However, there has been little information about the performance variability of the backward stepping technique in indoor tug of war. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of starting posture and the stepping rate on the overall pulling performance of backward stepping in indoor tug of war. Methods: Eight elite high school male indoor tug of war athletes volunteered for the study. The MLP-500 load cell, BIOPAC MP150, and AcqKnowledge 3.9 data processing systems were used for collecting force data, and a JVC camera and the Kwon3D 3.1 system were used for capturing kinematics of left shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle. All the participants performed 3 (low, middle, and high posture) × 3 (2 Hz, 1 Hz, and 0.5 Hz step rate) trials of pulling with stepping backward. Each trial took 30 sec, and 3 min rests between trials. 2 way repeated measure analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed on the means and standard deviations (SDs) of peak pulling force (PPF), step duration, and step length. Results: Both main effects were significant on PPF. PPF increased from the high starting posture to the low one, and the 2 Hz rate had the lowest PPF. For the variability of the PPF within a trial, the low starting posture was also higher than the other 2 postures. There was a significant effect of the stepping rate for the step duration, which was a direct consequence from the experimental manipulation. In addition, the significant interaction effect between the starting posture and the stepping rate showed that under the high starting posture, the variability of the step duration increased along the decreasing stepping rate, and the high start posture had a higher variability of the step duration than the low posture only at the low stepping rate condition. Conclusions: The study provides information on the effects of postures and stepping rates on individual performance and variability. Indoor tug-of-war is a team sport and the variability in individual performance may add up or offset in the overall performance of the team.

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