鉛球技術投擲之基礎力量與生物力學指標

Basic Strength and Biomechanical Indicators of Shot Throwing

10.6194/SCS.201903_53.0005

陳朝福(Chao-Fu Chen)

旋轉式 ； 滑步式 ； 能量 ； rotational shot-putting ； glide shot-putting ； energy

運動教練科學

53期（2019 / 03 / 01）

55 - 61

繁體中文

鉛球投擲技術分為旋轉式（rotational shot－putting）與滑步式（glide shot－putting），其最終目的都在增加投擲距離，而在身材條件相同下，若要增加投擲距離，其速度－力量（velocity－strength）的提升是一個固然的條件，亦是影響選手成績表現的最重要因素。本文歸納與彙整鉛球相關研究重要論點，結果發現亞洲選手身高較矮，但選手協調性、平衡感以及靈敏度不會輸高大型的選手，為能夠讓鉛球有更好的成績，加強力量、速度彌補先天條件的劣勢，並且運用在鉛球旋轉式投擲技術上，想必能提升鉛球投擲項目的水準，提升投擲階段過程中之軀幹關節能量表現，可以增進最後出手後的動力鏈傳遞，來提高釋放階段後的鉛球飛行表現。此外，歷來研究論述顯示，透過抓舉、挺舉、深蹲或跳躍等任務性的訓練可有效增進下肢力量，臥推則是增進上肢力量最有效的方式，將最大的下肢工作效益，轉換至上肢，以有效的動力鏈方式獲得穩定的加速，再透過動作協調的作用產出最佳的爆發力程序，以此獲得最快的釋放速度效益。

The shot throwing technique is divided into rotational shot-putting and glide shot-putting. The ultimate goal is to increase the throwing distance. If the throwing distance is increased under the same body condition, the increase of velocity-strength is a natural condition, which is the most important factor affecting the performance of players. In this paper, the important arguments of the related research on shot put are further summarized. It is found that the Asian players are short, but the coordination, balance and sensitivity of the players will not lose the large players, in order to make the shots have better results. If we can strengthen the strength and speed to make up for the disadvantages of the innate conditions, we will certainly improve the level of the shot throwing project in the throwing technique, and improve the energy performance of the trunk joint during the throwing stage, which can enhance the power after the final shot. Chain transfer to improve the flight performance of the shot after the release phase. In addition, task training such as snatch, jerk, squat or jump is most recommended, and for the upper limbs, it is bench press, which converts the maximum lower limb work efficiency to the upper limbs, and achieves stable acceleration through an effective power chain. The role of motion coordination produces the best explosive force program to achieve the fastest release rate benefits.

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