菲律賓領域主張之演進

Development of the Philippine Territorial Claims

10.29799/TILQ.201206.0004

蒲國慶

國際條約界限 ； 群島水域 ； 沙巴 ； 卡拉揚群島 ； 黃岩島 ； 巴丹島 ； 帕瑪斯島 ； 延伸大陸礁層 ； International Treaty Limits ； archipelagic waters ； Sabah ； Kalayaan Islands. Scarborough Shoal ； Batanes ； Palmas ； extended continental shelf

台灣國際法季刊

9卷2期（2012 / 06 / 01）

123 - 148

繁體中文

菲律賓對其憲法「歷史權利或法律名義」之領域主張，溯自「國際條約界限（ITL）」之歷史傳承，將界限內所有島礁及所有水域均視為主權所及。此項ITL主張可從菲律賓獨立前後制定之憲法、相關國會立法及長期行政實踐予以瞭解。迄國會於2009年修訂新群島基線法，旨在符合聯合國海洋法公約有關選取群島水域基點基線之規定，俾行政機關劃定超越200海里之延伸大陸礁層並向聯合國大陸礁層界限委員會申請東部外海「班漢海隆」之延伸大陸礁層，新法說明修正選取之101基點構成菲律賓群島基線，不再規定基線外，ITL界限內之海域為菲律賓水域。此後大片ITL水域成為公海，菲國正式放棄ITL主張。

The Philippines' territorial claims of her historical rights or legal title in the constitution are based on the concept of the International Treaty Limits (ITL), through which the Philippine sovereignty extends to all the islands and all the waters within ITL. Such ITL historical claims can be carefully surveyed from the Philippine (past and present) constitutions, relevant legislation and administrative practice. However, the provisions of the Philippine Republic Act No. 9522, the amended archipelagic baseline law of 2009, was legislated with the aim of revising the basepoints and baselines in order to provide the basis for the administration in her partial submission to the UN Commission on the Limit of the Continental Shelf for the extended continental shelf in the Benham Rise. Hence the long standing Philippine position on the Philippine waters within ITL has been formally replaced by the archipelagic waters of the Republic Act No. 9522 as well as high seas, consistent with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

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