美國聯邦主義下的地方氣候治理：加州全球暖化因應法之演進與評析

Local Climate Governance of Federalism in the United States: The Analysis of the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006

10.29799/TILQ.201206.0001

林子倫；陳德翰

加州全球暖化因應法 ； 氣候治理 ； 聯邦主義 ； 京都議定書 ； California Global Warming Solutions Act ； climate governance ； federalism ； Kyoto Protocol

台灣國際法季刊

9卷2期（2012 / 06 / 01）

7 - 72

繁體中文

在環境問題上，全球治理與在地行動實密不可分。當前全球氣候治理多關注於國際建制，然而在諸多的案例上如美國加州，地方政府早已扮演環境領導與先驅的角色。2006年加州議會通過「加州全球暖化因應法」，要求全州溫室氣體排放量在2020年減少至1990年的水準，此乃全球第一個因應氣候變遷並設定減量目標的地方型法案，其規範比起其他州在控制溫室氣體排放上更為全面而嚴格，因此廣受矚目。本文從美國的聯邦體制開始，探討地方層級的積極行動如何在這些脈絡中發展出來，特別是加州自主治理的特殊角色，源自於美國由下而上推動環境政策的傳統，使其成為為各州環境政策的先行者及政策實驗室，更成為美國氣候政策推動風潮的火車頭。接著觀察加州全球暖化因應法的立法歷程，與近來主張廢除此法案之爭議，分析其政策發展與未來走向。透過審視加州氣候法案的內容與政經脈絡，反思全球氣候治理與在地行動的連結。

Global governance and local action are interconnected in the field of environment. Discussions concerning climate change have been focused more on creation of international institutions. However, local governments, such as California, have increasingly played important and leading role on various environmental fronts. On August 31, 2006, California passed the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill(AB) 32), the first local-level climate law of its kind in the world, requiring California to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. This paper starts with the exploration of federalism in the United States in relation to the issue of climate change. This reflects the bottom-up tradition of California in dealing with environmental policy. Then the evolution and debate regarding A.B. 32 will be discussed. It is hoped the implementation of A.B. 32 would give impetus to the passage of climate legislation at the federal level and to shed light on the global climate governance and local actions.

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