論海平面上升對島國海洋權利之影響

Sea Level Rise and Island States' Maritime Rights

10.29799/TILQ.201206.0003

林廷輝

氣候變遷 ； 海平面上升 ； 領海基線 ； 專屬經濟區 ； 大陸礁層 ； climate change ； sea level rise ； territorial baseline ； economic exclusive zone ； continental shelf

台灣國際法季刊

9卷2期（2012 / 06 / 01）

97 - 120

繁體中文

氣候變遷，全球暖化，導致海平面上升，對全世界島國，特別是小島國家或群島國而言，涉及到的是國家存亡的問題，當島國構成要素之一的領土因自然運作（operations of nature）而喪失，其相關海洋權利也一併喪失；倘島國尚未消失，國家仍繼續存在，維持高潮時高於水面，然卻不能維持人類居住或其本身的經濟生活，該島嶼亦有可能喪失包括專屬經濟區及大陸礁層之海洋權利。而島國擁有專屬經濟區，享有相關海洋資源權利，可與進入該區作業之外國漁業公司簽署入漁協定，而入漁金現已成為這些島國重要收入之一，倘失去專屬經濟區，該海域是否將成為公海狀態？因此，本文旨在探討，全球氣候變遷的結果，對可能在地球上消失的島國而言，其相關海洋權利如何變動？以及在面對此種國家可能滅亡之威脅時，現行的國際法制度是否得以處理？為本文思考之重點。

Global warming in turn is causing climate change, which is manifested in rising sea levels, droughts and floods, damage to agriculture, and harm to natural ecosystems and species. The serious impacts of rising sea posed by climate change are growing threats to the sustainable development and future survival of island states. The question therefore is whether the State can continue to exist, if the territory disappears. The disappearance of each individual island would have consequences for the ability of island states or archipelagic states to continue to claim an Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf around it. This paper is to examine what are the likely scenarios for these island states could continue to claim their maritime rights under current international law system.

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