自閉症類群障礙兒童父母之親職壓力、復原力及親職能力知覺相關性探討

A Study on the Correlation Between Parental Stress, Resilience and Parenting Competence in Children Having Autism Spectrum Disorder

10.6847/TJPMHN.202006_15(1).04

洪乙嘉(Yi-Chia Hung)；宋素卿(Su-Ching Sung)；陳質采(Chih-Tsai Chen)；謝彬彬(Pin-Pin Hsieh)

自閉症類群障礙兒童 ； 親職壓力 ； 親職能力知覺 ； 復原力 ； autism spectrum disorders ； parenting stress ； parenting sense of competence ； resilience

精神衛生護理雜誌

15卷1期（2020 / 06 / 01）

36 - 46

繁體中文

背景：醫療人員常著眼於照顧精神障礙兒童的父母親所面臨的親職壓力，卻少探討父母親面臨壓力時，復原力對親職能力的調節效果。目的：了解自閉症類群障礙兒童之父母親職壓力、復原力與親職能力知覺之相關性，並探討復原力在親職壓力對親職能力知覺之調節效果。方法：採橫斷式問卷調查設計，立意取樣北部某精神專科醫院門診之自閉症類群障礙兒童之父母為研究對象，以社會人口學、親職壓力、復原力及親職能力知覺量表收集資料，有效問卷123份。結果：親職能力知覺越佳的父母，其親職壓力感受越低（r= -0.750, p ＜ .001）；當復原力越高時，其親職能力知覺越佳（r = 0.681, p ＜ .001），親職壓力降低（r = -0.561, p ＜ .001）。復原力在親職壓力與親職能力知覺間具有調節效果（β = -0.148, p= .005）。結論／實務應用：當父母具有較佳的復原力時，較能及時發揮親職能力知覺功能，且較能適應照顧自閉症類群障礙兒童時所面臨的壓力。此有助於父母與兒童的正向互動及尋求早期介入療育，並提升兒童適應疾病與生活能力。

Background: Since parents are in need to take care of their children suffering from mental disability, medical professionals usually focus on discussing about parental stress but ignore the effects on parenting resilience and competence. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation of resilience, parental stress, and competent perception among the parents taking care of children having autism spectrum disorder, and their resilient effects on parenting sense of competence when facing stress. Methods: In this study, we used cross-sectional design with purposeful sampling from one outpatient department in northern psychiatric hospital. In addition, Socio-Demographic Variables, Parenting Stress Index, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Parenting Sense of Competence, were adopted as the research tools. A total of 123 valid reports were obtained. Result: The parents who had better parenting sense of competence experienced lower parental stress (r = -0.750, p ＜ 0.001). Also, the better the resilience, the better parenting sense of competence (r = 0.681, p ＜ 0.001) and the lower parental stress (r = -0.561, p ＜ 0.001). Therefore, resilience was a significant moderator to the parental stress on parenting sense of competence (β = -0.148, p = 0.005). Conclusion and Clinical Implications: When parents have better resilience, they can perform better parenting sense of competence, and adapt themselves better to the parental stress when taking care of children suffering from autism spectrum disorder. This can help improve positive interaction with autism children and help seek intervention at primary stage so as able to enhance children's adaptive ability to disease and life.

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