探討長照機構老年住民之遷移壓力與影響因素

Exploring Factors Influencing Elderly Residents' Relocation Stress in Long-Term Care Institution

10.6847/TJPMHN.202006_15(1).05

張思儀(Szu-I Chang)；吳佳珊(Chia-Shan Wu)；劉智如(Chih-Ju Liu)；戎瑾如(Jiin-Ru Rong)

老年住民 ； 遷移壓力 ； 長照機構 ； 社會支持滿意度 ； Elderly residents ； Relocation stress ； long-term care institutions ； social support satisfaction

精神衛生護理雜誌

15卷1期（2020 / 06 / 01）

47 - 56

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討老年人搬遷至長照機構後，面對居住環境改變之遷移壓力及影響因素。採橫斷式相關性研究，以居住於長照機構之老年人為研究對象，以結構式問卷面對面訪談收集資料，問卷內容包括人口學變項、遷移壓力量表、日常生活功能量表、自覺健康狀況、慢性疾病與健康問題及社會支持功能量表。於2017年11月10日至2018年11月30日共收案148位老年住民，結果顯示遷入長照機構的老年人有中高程度的遷移壓力，遷移壓力與年齡、入住機構天數、參與遷移決策滿意度、日常生活功能、自覺健康狀況及社會支持滿意度呈顯著負相關；而與慢性疾病及健康問題呈正相關。階層複迴歸分析顯示以上變項可有效解釋老年住民遷移壓力82.3%的變異量（p ＜ .001），其中社會支持滿意度（β = -.48,p ＜ .001）對遷移壓力之影響最為顯著，且社會支持滿意度可中介自覺健康狀況、日常生活功能與參與遷移決策滿意度對老年住民之遷移壓力。本研究建議針對老年住民遷移長照機構之壓力問題，首應協助其維持既有與新增社會支持之滿意度，並鼓勵老年人參與遷移長照機構之決策，以降低遷移壓力，進而改善健康狀況及日常生活功能對遷移後老年住民的負面衝擊。

The aim of this study is to explore elderly residents' relocation stress and factors influencing that stress after residents moved into a long-term care institution and faced alteration in their living environment. We adopted a cross-sectional correlation design and collected data from structured questionnaires using face-to-face interviews, in which elderly residents in long-term care institutions were the research subjects. The contents of the questionnaires included demographic variables, relocation appraisal scales, daily life activities, self-reported health status, chronic diseases, health problems, and social support functions. A total of 148 elderly residents participated in this study from November 10th, 2017 to November 30th, 2018. The results showed that the participants experienced a moderate-to-high level of relocation stress after moving into the long-term care institutions. According to our observations, we found there was a significant negative correlation between the elderly residents' relocation stress and their age, length of relocation, degree of satisfaction with participating in the relocation decision-making process, daily life activities, self-reported health status, and social support satisfaction. However, there was a significant positive correlation found between their relocation stress and chronic diseases and health problems. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that these factors were able to explain 82.3% of the variance for the elderly residents' relocation stress (p ＜ .001). Among the factors, social support satisfaction (β = -.48, p ＜ .001) had the most significant impact on relocation stress. In addition, social support satisfaction played a mediating role in elderly residents' self-reported health status, daily life functions, and participation in relocation decision-making process. The results of this study indicate that, before assisting elderly residents in coping with their relocation stress, care professionals should first help them to maintain or develop their social support satisfaction and support their relocation decision, so as to reduce the residents' relocation stress and decrease the impact of the relocation on their health and activities of daily living.

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