梅花吐蕊綻幽香－南宋詩人方岳詠梅詩之探析

Dark Fragrance Spreads While Plum Tree Blossoming: A Study of Fang Yue's Poemson Plum Blossom

許竹宜(Chu-Yi Hsu)；鄭定國(Ting-Kuo Cheng)

方岳 ； 南宋詩人 ； 江湖詩人 ； 梅花詩 ； Fang Yue ； Poet in the Southern Song Dynasty ； Poet in Jiang-hu poetry school ； Odes to the plum blossom

漢學研究集刊

16期（2013 / 06 / 01）

65 - 88

繁體中文

方岳是南宋後期江湖詩派的重要人物。陳起蒐刊江湖文人的作品包括《江湖詩集》、《續集》、《後集》等諸集並未將方岳的作品收入，但方岳《秋崖集》仍潮流天下。近年學者經過研究，依據活動時間、生活背景、傳統看法、收錄狀況、唱酬往來等嚴格標準來鑑定江湖派詩人，咸疑方岳屬於江湖派詩人，但方岳的人品與詩格都迥異於一般的江湖派詩人，他的作品數量、氣度或藝術成就確高於汲汲干祿於江湖的同時期詩人。晚宋江湖小集轉變宋詩走向迫苦哀音，能脫穎而出者極寡，方岳不但突圍籠罩而詩名盛大，錢鍾書就認為方岳是江湖詩派中的重量級人物，其代表性不亞於劉克莊、戴復古。現存方岳的詩共有一千三百多首，其中明白標題詠梅之作就有七十多首，未以梅花為題而只在詩中提及梅花的更是不可勝數，足見方岳個人樂梅、賞梅、爍梅的情有獨鍾。本文就方岳的詠梅詩為研究對象，探析詠梅作品中的藝術表現及詩人內在精神，此乃其藉詠梅意象而形諸在外的深層意蘊。

Fang Yue is an important poet of Jiang-hu poetry school in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Chen Qi collected the works of literati of Jiang-hu poetry school, including many poetry collections, such as ”Jianghu Poem Collection”, ”Sequel” and ”Extension Series”. However, he did not include the works of Fang Yue in the collections. The ”Collection of Fang Yue” is still popular around poetry circles. In recent years, scholars have assessed poets of Jiang-hu poetry school based on strict standards, such as active period, life background, traditional perspective, situation of collection of works, and interactions with other poets. It is unquestionable that Fang Yue is a poet of Jiang-hu poetry school. However, his character and poetry characteristics are completely different from those of other poets in Jiang-hu poetry school. His works outnumber those of others, and his character or artistic achievements are also better than those of other poets in Jiang-hu poetry school during the same period. The style of poems of Jiang-hu poetry school in the late Song Dynasty was transformed into the whining of Song Poem. Only a few of the poems are great works. Fang Yue's works are preeminent, and he is famous for his outstanding poems. Chien Chungshu suggested that Fang Yue is a heavyweight in Jiang-hu poetry school, and he is only second to Liu Kezhuang and Dai Fugu in terms of representativeness. There are a total of 1,300 poems written by Fang Yue remaining today, and the title of 70 of them is the ode to the plum blossom. In the poems whose titles are not plum blossom, plum blossom is frequently mentioned as well. It can be inferred that Fang Yue personally adores and appreciates plum blossom. This study selected the odes to the plum blossom of Fang Yue as the research subjects to investigate and analyze the artistic expression in the odes to the plum blossom, as well as the internal spirit of poet who used the odes to the plum blossom to reflect the deep meaning.

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