以國民體適能測驗評估社區慢性思覺失調類群個案的體適能

Using National Physical Fitness Test to Exam Physical Fitness of People with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Living in the Community

10.6534/jtotrp.202312_19(2).0003

李冠逸(Kuan-Yi Li)；林冠婷(Kuan-Ting Lin)；蕭奇偉(Chi-Wei Hsiao)；楊奇旻(Chi-Min Yang)

身體組成 ； 心肺適能 ； 肌肉適能 ； 柔軟度 ； 精神疾病 ； body composition ； cardiorespiratory fitness ； muscular fitness ； flexibility ； mental disorder

臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌

19卷2期（2023 / 12 / 31）

29 - 50

繁體中文;英文

目的：本研究目的欲探討社區思覺失調類群個案其體適能表現，與可能影響體適能表現的預測因子。方法：共招募62名居住在社區的個案（平均年齡46.47 ± 9.28歲；29名男性）。體適能表現使用國民體適能檢測。可能的預測因子則分為人口學、生活型態、身體組成、身體活動量及疾病共五大類因子進行評估，結果與常模進行對照之外，並以多元線性迴歸分析探討每一項體適能要素的預測因子。結果：研究發現，第一、社區思覺失調類群個案在身體質量指數、心肺適能、肌肉適能及柔軟度皆有超過半數的個案，其表現低於同性別及同年齡層；第二、多元線性迴歸分析的結果顯示，身體質量指數的分析結果顯示，體脂肪比率及除脂肪體重為顯著正向預測因子（F_(2,59) = 299.26, p < .001, adjusted R^2 = .91）；腰臀圍比的結果則顯示，性別為女性則為顯著負向預測因子，而體脂肪比率為顯著正向預測因子（F_(3,58) = 16.77, p < .001, adjusted R^2 = .44）；心肺適能的顯著負向預測因子包括睡眠時數多，及性別為女性（F_(2,59) = 10.93, p < .001, adjusted R^2 = .246）；在肌肉適能的部分，體脂肪比率、年齡及負性症狀為顯著負向預測因子（F_(3,58) = 11.81, p < .001, adjusted R^2 = .347）；柔軟度的部分，性別為女性及年齡為顯著正向預測因子（F_(2,59) = 18.60, p < .001, adjusted R^2 = .366）。結論：本研究發現，協助社區思覺失調類群個案改善體適能表現，可以從減去多餘的脂肪、提升不足的肌肉量、調整睡眠時間及穩定精神症狀著手，再根據不同的目標提供相對應的運動訓練計畫。

Purpose: This study was to measure and explore the possible predictors of physical fitness performance for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders living in the community. Methods: Sixty-two participants were recruited for this study (mean age: 46.47± 9.28years; 29 males). The national physical fitness test was used to measure health-related physical fitness as the outcome measures. Potential predictors included demographic characteristics, life style, body composition, physical activity and disease-related factors. The results were compared with Taiwanese norms and multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the potential predictors. Results: The findings were as follows: first, more than half of the participants showed poor physical fitness compared to the norms with the same sex and age group, especially in body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and flexibility. Second, the results from multiple regression analysis showed that sex and fat percentage were the most significant predictors for physical fitness, followed age, lean body mass, sleeping habits and negative symptoms. Conclusions: Current findings indicated that gaining muscles, losing fat, adjusting sleeping hours and stabilizing psychiatric symptoms were the key elements in developing the training protocols for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders living in the community.