王充《論衡》顯現的文人意識

Wang Chung's Literary Man Consciousness that Appears of Lun Heng

10.6187/tkujcl.200906.20-6

黃雅雯(Ya-Wen Huang)

王充 ； 論衡 ； 文人 ； Wang Chung ； Lun Heng ； Literary Man

淡江中文學報

20期（2009 / 06 / 01）

165 - 187

繁體中文

王充在受到太學拘守固蔽學風影響的情形下，展開了對於知識分子的思考與批判。王充提出了「文人」的概念，並且以著書表文為依據，將知識分子加以分類，其中他最不欣賞的是經生儒士，推崇的是「文人」。他推尊「文人」，別於漢代當時普遍看重儒生的情形與觀念，不僅提高了創作者的地位，造就了「文人」這一新的人物類型，而且宣告、標誌著「文人」的成立，表明了後漢知識分子－儒生、「文人」的分流。王充亦因仕途不順遂，而從事著書自紀、立說的工作，寫作《論衡》。他有著文章當有益於教化，能為世所用的觀念，因此《論衡》中的文章多以政教為主要關懷，且以有益於政教之具有實效價值的文章居多。王充如此思考、批判，如此寫作《論衡》，其實是有著實際的考量：希望自己的著作能被君王看見，聲音能被君王聽到，希冀以文章才能和頌美之心獲得皇帝的擢進與重用，以「升陟聖主之庭，論說政務之事」為最終目的。《論衡》是王充文人意識具體實踐的成果，《論衡》所體現的正是王充的文人意識。

Wang Chung launch out his consideration and criticism for the intelligentsia under the influence been too learned conservative atmosphere of school. He puts forward his conception of Literary Man, takes into the knowledge numerator categorizes taking creating and writing as a basis. Among them, he most does not appreciate is the Confucian scholar, most likes is Literary Man. Wang Chung pushes reveres Literary Man that was different regards as important Confucian scholar's idea at that time to the Han Dynasty not only Improves creator's status and Has accomplished the Literary Man this new character type, but also Announces the Literary Man social stratum the establishment and has indicated the Eastern Han Dynasty knowledge-the Literary Man or the Confucian scholar individual contribution divergence. Because the official career does not go smoothly, Wang Chung transfers his work to been engaged in writing and the establishment of theories work-writing Lun Heng. He has the article when is beneficial to the enlightenment also can the idea which uses for the world, Therefore the article in Lun Heng to be many take the politics teaches as the main concern, also by is beneficial teaches it to the politics to have the actual effect value the article to be in the majority. Wang Chung so pondered, criticizes and writes actually has the actual consideration: hoped own work can see by the king, the sound to hear by the king, The hope by the article can with 頌美 the heart obtains emperor to extract and entrusts with heavy responsibility, take arrives matter of the royal government dissertation government affairs as the final goal.

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