理想與現實兼具：大觀園空間特質辨析

Both Ideal and Reality, The Spatial Characteristics of the Grand View Garden are Distinguished

10.6187/tkujcl.202406_(50).0005

張博鈞(Chang, Bo-Jun)

《紅樓夢》 ； 大觀園 ； 空間特質 ； 異托邦 ； 異質空間 ； Dream of Red Mansions ； Grand View Garden ； spatial characteristics ； heterotopia ； heterogeneous space

淡江中文學報

50期（2024 / 06 / 01）

139 - 164

繁體中文;英文

大觀園空間特質理想與現實兼具，持理想世界論者多以烏托邦與樂園稱之，本文透過耙梳二詞的定義，指出大觀園與烏托邦、樂園之間的差異，並進一步援引傅柯「異托邦」的空間概念，試圖重新詮釋大觀園理想與現實兼具的空間特質。由於異托邦除了相對於既有的現實空間之外，本身亦容許相互衝突、矛盾的異質共存，因此將大觀園視為異托邦，方能在大觀園中同時納入理想與現實、純淨與污穢，也才更能理解大觀園如何在兩種力量的拉扯下逐步走向滅亡。唯有正視光明與黑暗的兩者並存，才能確切理解大觀園內部的糾結，也才能更進一步瞭解大觀園在《紅樓夢》整體設計的空間意義。

The spatial characteristics of the Grand View Garden embody both idealism and reality. Many proponents of idealism often refer to it as a utopia or paradise. This article examines the differences between the Grand View Garden and utopia/paradise by defining these terms. It further introduces Foucault's concept of "heterotopia" to reinterpret the spatial characteristics of the Grand View Garden. Heterotopia allows for the coexistence of conflicting and contradictory elements alongside existing reality. Therefore, considering the Grand View Garden as a heterotopia allows for the inclusion of both idealism and reality, purity and impurity within it, enabling a better understanding of its gradual demise under the pull of these opposing forces. Only by acknowledging the coexistence of light and darkness can one truly comprehend the intricacies within the Grand View Garden and grasp its spatial significance within the overall design of Dream of the Red Chamber.