火針療法之古代文獻探討

Discussion on Ancient Documents of Fire Needle Therapy

10.29810/SJTTCM.202112_12(2).0003

高水平(Shui-ping Kao)；高鶴亭(He-ting Kao)；高宗桂(Tsung-kuei Kao)

燔針 ； 火針 ； 熱症 ； 燒針 ； 誤用 ； 細火針 ； 電火針 ； burnt needle ； fire needle ； fever ； burning needle ； misuse ； thin fire needle ； electric fire needle

臺灣中醫科學雜誌

12卷2期（2021 / 12 / 26）

31 - 39

繁體中文

目的：考察古代火針發展，了解火針用途。方法：參閱歷代針灸代表書籍，擷取有關火針用途之紀錄辨別其功用演進。結果：火針古稱“燔針”，在最初是治療筋急寒凝之痹證。《傷寒論》詳細記載傷寒表症及溫病傷陰誤用火針的後果，以及臨床證候、救治方法，所用藥物。晉代．皇普謐《針灸甲乙經》開始直言“火針”之名，且打破了火針治療熱證的禁忌症。孫思邈在其所著《備急千金要方》和《千金翼方》中把火針的治療範圍擴展到外科和急證等多種疾病。明朝．高武總結了前人的火針成就，在《針灸聚英》中詳細論述了火針療法的刺法、適應證、禁忌證等。近代山西省名老中醫師懷堂教授創造出新九針，其中的新火針採用金屬鎢製作的細火針，刺法有深速刺、深留刺、淺點刺、慢烙刺、速烙刺，也將火針應用於熱證和虛證，並創造性地使用和發展火針刺絡放血療法。其火針治療範圍十分廣泛，臨床適用於內、外、婦、兒等各科的近百種病證。北京．賀普仁教授創造一套完整的溫通法理論，不僅自行研製火針針具，規範操作方法，而且，闡釋火針療法的作用機制，擴大適用範圍，頭面部亦能針刺，並將火針也應用於外陰、五官、頭面部等敏感部位。結論：綜合前人經驗，火針的功效有扶正助陽、溫通經絡、清熱解毒、祛風止癢、解痙止攣、益腎壯陽。近年來，火針的應用有較大的改進。在針具方面，由原來的植物油燒針改為酒精燈燒針，又出現了電熱火針，提高了燒針的溫度，也提供了使用安全又方便，因此火針的治療範圍也相應擴大。

Purpose: To investigate the development of ancient fire needles and understand the use of fire needles. Method: Refer to the representative books of acupuncture and moxibustion in past dynasties, and extract records about the use of fire needles to identify the evolution of their functions. Result: Fire needle was called ＂burnt needle＂ in ancient times, and it was originally used to treat the arthralgia syndrome of acute chills. ＂Shan Han Lun＂ (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), detailly recorded the consequences of misuse of fire needles for typhoid fever and febrile disease and yin injury, as well as clinical symptoms, treatment methods, and drugs used. Huang Pu Mi of the Jin Dynasty began to speak out the name of ＂fire needle＂ in Huang Pu Mi's writings ＂Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing＂ (A-B Classic Book of Acupuncture and Moxibustion). He broke the contraindications of fire needle in the treatment of heat syndrome. In Sun Si Miao's book, ＂Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang＂ (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Golden) and ＂Qian Jin Yi Fang＂ (A Supplement to the Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Golden), he extended the scope of fire acupuncture treatment to a variety of diseases such as surgery and emergency. In the Ming Dynasty, Gao Wu summarized the fire needles achievements of his predecessors, and elaborate the acupuncture methods, indications, and contraindications of fire needle therapy in ＂Zhen Jiu Ju Ying＂ (Essentials of Acupuncture and Moxibustion). In modern times, Professor Shi Huai Tang, a famous and old Chinese physician in Shanxi Province, created a new nine needles therapy. Among them, the new fire needle is a thin fire needle made of tungsten metal. The acupuncture techniques including deep-rapid puncture, deep-retaining puncture, shallow-point puncture, slow-cautery puncture, and fast-cautery puncture. Fire needle is also applied to heat syndrome and deficiency syndrome, and creatively developed into fire needle puncture bloodletting therapy. The fire needle treatment range is extensive, and it is clinically applicable to nearly a hundred diseases and syndromes in various departments such as internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology, and pediatrics. Beijing professor He Pu Ren created a complete set of warm-passing theory. He not only developed fire needle equipment and standardized operation methods, but also explained the mechanism of fire needle therapy and expanded the scope of application. According to him, the fire needles can be also applied to sensitive areas such as the vulva, facial features, head and face. Conclusion: Based on previous experience, the effects of fire acupuncture include strengthening the body and promoting yang, warming the meridians, clearing away heat and detoxification, dispelling wind and relieving itching, relieving muscular spasm and pain, invigorating the kidney yang. In recent years, the application of fire needles has been greatly improved. In terms of needling instrument, the original vegetable oil burning needles were changed to alcohol lamp burning needles. Now even electric fire needle is invented, which increase the temperature of burning needles, and it provides a safe and convenient use. Therefore, the treatment range of fire needles has expanded further accordingly.

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