题名

農用無人車設計及操作安全管制原則

并列篇名

The Regulatory Principles of Design and Operation Safety in Smart Agricultural Unmanned Vehicles

作者

蔡達智(Ta-Chih Tsai)

关键词

智慧農業 ； 農用無人車 ； 農機性能測定 ； 機械安全 ； 維修權 ； smart agriculture ； agricultural unmanned vehicle ； performance testing of agricultural machineries ； machinery safety ； right to repair

期刊名称

高大法學論叢

卷期/出版年月

19卷1期（2023 / 09 / 01）

页次

79 - 136

内容语文

繁體中文;英文
中文摘要

目前農用無人車相關安全管制體系，從設計製造、操作使用，多有規範不足之處，容易產生過度預防或過度放任現象，對於智慧農用無人車的創新科技發展未必有利，可能對農用無人車使用人、相關從業人員甚至不相干的路人，產生負面權益影響。對於農用無人車的安全性管制，目前主要採取上市前農機性能測定，然不論測定的法律性質、效果、資訊公布或流用，未通過性能測定能否從事農作、行駛道路，有無可能於爭訟過程中提出相關檢測數據及其證明力等，相關管制規範皆付之闕如。即便通過性能測定，當農用無人車面對義務衝突如何評估與選擇衝突風險，目前也尚無妥適規劃。縱使沒有如此義務衝突情事，操作使用農用無人車是否需有人駕駛、有無必要考取駕駛執照或操作許可，能否行駛一般道路，可否於田間作業，同樣鮮少具體明確規範。又因無人化及人工智慧等特性，或將使農民無法利用未經授權的維修軟體，使位於偏遠地區交通不便農地作業的農民，難以親手維修農用無人車。凡此問題，在於相關規範對於農用無人車的人工智慧、無人化田間作業性質較少關注、掌握不足，又對農民高度尊重，減少政府不必要干預使然。為避免使用農用無人車發生權責爭議，有必要根據農用無人車的人工智慧、無人化、田間作業等性質，健全相關安全管制制度，調和相關人員權益。
英文摘要

The current safety control system related to agricultural unmanned vehicles, from design, manufacturing to operation and use, often has deficiencies in regulations, which can easily lead to over-prevention or over-indulgence for farmer's decision making. This may not be beneficial to the development of innovative technology for smart agricultural unmanned vehicles. It will have a negative impact on the rights and interests of people and vehicles users, relevant employees/practitioners and even irrelevant passers-by. For the safety control of agricultural unmanned vehicles, the current main method is to measure the performance testing of agricultural machinery before it is put on the market. However, regardless of the legal characteristic, effect, information release or dissemination of the measure information/data, whether it can engage in farming or drive on the road if it fails the performance testing measurement, whether it is possible to present relevant testing data/information to prove its probability or possibility on the face of evidence during the litigation process, all lacking clear and certain relative regulations. Even pass the performance testing of agricultural machinery, there is still without proper regulatory plan to assess selecting interest on behalf when agricultural unmanned vehicles face conflicting obligations in any aspect within accidents. While there is no such conflict of obligations, there are still very few specific regulations on whether the operation of agricultural unmanned vehicles requires a human driver, whether it is necessary to obtain a driving license or operating permit, whether it can drive on ordinary roads, and whether it can be operated in the farm fields. Because of the characteristics of the unmanned and artificial intelligence, farmers may not be able to use unauthorized fix, repair or maintenance software, making it difficult for farmers working on farmland in remote areas with inconvenient transportation to repair agricultural unmanned vehicles by themselves. As a matter of fact, all the issues lie in the fact that relevant regulations pay less attention to and have insufficient understanding the natural characteristics of the artificial intelligence operating in the open farm fields within the agricultural unmanned vehicles. Also, highly respect farmers' autonomy and reduce unnecessary governmental intervention leading agricultural machinery safety regulatory systems not so well modified at the same time. In order to avoid unnecessary disputes over rights and responsibilities when using agricultural unmanned vehicles, it is necessary to improve the relevant safety control systems and coordinate the rights and interests of relevant personnel based on the specific characteristics for the artificial intelligence, unmanned, field operation and reasonable dispatching the intellectual properties of agricultural unmanned vehicles.
主题分类 社會科學 > 法律學
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