急性疼痛評估與症狀護理

Assessment of Acute Pain and Symptoms Care

10.6530/YYN.2011.5(1).02

明金蓮(Jin-Lain Ming)；洪曉佩(Shiao-Pei Hong)

急性疼痛 ； 評估 ； 護理 ； acute pain ； assessment ； care

源遠護理

5卷1期（2011 / 05 / 01）

11 - 16

繁體中文

疼痛(pain)是一種主觀的經驗，只要經歷過的人認為有，就是有疼痛的存在，疼痛往往無法客觀測量，而每個人對疼痛的感受與描述亦有其個別之差異。國際疼痛研究協會指出：「疼痛是一種感覺上與情緒上的不愉快經驗，它可能與現存性或潛在性組織受到傷害有關」。對個體而言，疼痛屬於一種保護機轉，主要在表達損傷的訊息，可提醒尋求協助與避免更多傷害，術後病人最困擾的即是傷口疼痛的問題，如何確認病人疼痛程度並適時處理，是第一線護理人員應具之技能，本文簡述疼痛相關生理學與方便臨床使用之評估方法，包括視覺類比量表、口語等級量表、數字等級量表及表情量表等，並提供急性疼痛的臨床處置。期望藉由正確利用評估工具，確實瞭解病人疼痛困擾程度，能有效評估與照護。

According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, pain is a feeling with an unpleasant emotional experience, which may be existing or potential tissue injury related. Pain exists when the person who is experiencing pain believes that he or she is in pain. Pain is a subjective experience and therefore difficult to measure. This paper describes the pathophysiology, clinical assessment and management of pain. Pain assessment tools include visual analog scale, verbal rating scale, numerical rating scale, and facial expression scale. Every person's perception and description of pain varies. Pain is a protective mechanism to our body. It signals a message of bodily injury to remind a person to seek assistance that will avoid further bodily harm. One major problem of post operation is acute pain at the surgical site. Assessment and timely management of pain is an essential skill of the nurse in the front line. Through correct use of assessment tools and truly understanding a patient's pain and related distress, nurses can provide effective assessment and care.

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