新冠病毒肺炎大流行後疫情時代的健康促進再定位

Re-orient of Health Promotion Post COVID-19 Pandemic

10.6530/YYN.202011_14(3).0001

祝年豐(Nain-Feng Chu)

新冠病毒肺炎 ； 大流行 ； 健康促進 ； 再定位 ； COVID-19 ； pandemic ； health promotion ； reorientation

源遠護理

14卷3期（2020 / 11 / 01）

5 - 16

繁體中文

新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）自從2019年12月底在中國武漢報告有人傳人的感染後，至今（2021年1月5日）全世界已將近有8,510萬人感染，約185萬人死亡。在這次全球爆發的感染，從開始人群對它無知，到初期大量感染死亡病例，從中國武漢傳播到義大利至整個歐洲，到美國加州及紐約至全美洲，到非洲、中南美洲、亞洲地區、及印度等幾乎全世界都籠罩在新冠病毒肺炎疫情大流行的陰影。隨著疫情發展，各國機場邊境關閉幾乎斷絕往來，使得學校停課、職場關門或遠距上班，社區幾無任何活動，醫療場所也變的緊張與肅殺。這些都大大影響人們的食、衣、住、行、育樂與工作等活動，也造成生活型態及工作方式的重大改變。也因為疫情影響，使人們身、心、靈、社會及宗教都產生相當的變化。即使目前疫情稍許控制，但可能再也回不到2019年以前的情景與生活行為方式。在這情形下，公共衛生、預防醫學及臨床醫療工作者，對未來工作上也面臨莫大挑戰～特別在疾病預防及健康促進將與以往有相當的不同。在此非常時期，執行健康促進工作時下列注意事項包括賦權（empowerment）：使個人或社區更有能力進行改變；參與（participate）：包括規畫、執行及評估等不同階段的參與；全面性（holistic）：包括生理、心理、社會及精神各層面；跨部門（inter-sectoral）：獲得不同部門的合作與支持；公平合理（equitable）：要考慮公平與正義並以此為指導原則；永續性（sustainable）：任何改變要能從起始到結束並維持之；及多元策略（multi-strategy）：利用或併用各種方法與途徑，如此才能讓健康促進工作的推動能夠持久並看到其成效。健康促進讓我們從這次新冠病毒肺炎的危機中學習及體認到傳染性疾病是很重要的，人類的健康不是一獨立的議題，對疫情傳染要能快速及有效的反應。更重要的是，並不是所有的事件都能預測或控制的，人生總有一些不確定性。新冠病毒肺炎一定或多或少會影響我們的生活，因此大家要一起來對抗這疫情的挑戰，也要能保持活力一起奮戰到底，直到疫情戰爭的勝利來臨。

Since the first reporting of possible human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 pneumonia in later 2019, till now there are more than 35.2 million cases worldwide and more than1.03 million of deaths (on Oct. 2020). From the beginning, no one knows what it is and most people are ignoring the outbreak which is then associated with huge mortality cases. The virus was spread from Wu-Han, China to Italy and then to the entire Europe, to New York City then to the whole Americas. Almost all the world is under the shadow of COVID-19. Airports started to shut down, borders between countries closed and schools and stores experienced shut down due to the pandemic. There are huge impacts on human physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wellbeing and also societal levels. It is impossible to return to our daily activity before December 2019. However, during this time of pandemic, health promotion plays a more important position and role on public health, preventive medicine and clinical care services, and will face more challenges than ever. At this time, we will pay more attention on the empowerment, participation, holistic, inter-sectoral, equitable, sustainable and multi-strategy approaches while conducting health promotion. The COVID-19 pandemic makes us realize that infectious disease is important, human health is not a sole issue, and we need quick and accurate response to the pandemic. More importantly, it is not predictable and controllable for everything, there is always with something uncertain. COVID-19 will affect our daily lives and health more or less, but we shall work together to fight this pandemic until we get the final victory of this battle.

1. Broucke, S. V. D. (2020, Oct 5). Health Promotion Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://unescochair-ghe.org/resources/global-health-education-webinar-series/health-promotion-responses-to-the-covid-19-pandemic/
2. Broucke, S. V. D.(2020).Why health promotion mat-ters to the COVID-19 pandemic, and vice versa.Health Promotion International,35(2),181-186.
3. European Public Health Association. (2020, Sep 25). A Health Promotion Focus on COVIDF-19. https://eupha.org/repository/sections/hp/A_Health_Promotion_Focus_on_COVID-19_with_S.pdf
4. Hamel, L., & Kearmey, A., & Kirzinger, A., Lopes, L., Muñana, C., & Brodie, M. (2020, Sep 25). KFF Health Tracking Poll - May 2020. Impact of Coronavirus on Personal Health, Economic and Food Security, and Medicaid. http://www.kff.org/report-section/ kff-health-tracking-poll-may-2020-health-and-economic-impact
5. Johns Hopkins University (JHU). (2020, Oct 5). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Sys-tems Science and Engineering (CSSE). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
6. Klintman, M.(2019).Knowledge Resistance: How We Avoid Insight from Others.Manchester, UK:Manchester Uni-versity Press.
7. Laverack, G.(2018).Health Promotion in Disease Outbreaks and Health Emergenices.:CRC Press.
8. Mainous, A. G.,Saxena, S.,de Rochars, V. M. B.,Macceus, D.(2020).COVID-19 highlights health promotion and chronic disease preven-tion amid health disparities.The British Journal of General Practice,70(697),372-373.
9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2020, Sep 25). COVID-19 Control and Prevention, Healthcare Workers and Em-ployers. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/healthcare- workers.html
10. Okan, O.,Sørensen, K.,Messer, M.(2020).COVID-19: A guide to good practice on keep-ing people well informed.The Conversation.
11. Outer East Primary Care Partnership. (2020, Oct 5). At Home Tips and Ideas – Health and Wellbeing. https://oepcp.org.au/wp-content/uploads/health-and-well_45097581-2.pdf
12. Salama, B. M. M.(2020).The importance of health promotion in the prevention of COVID-19.Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine,11,S309-S314.
13. United Nations Children’s Fund. (2020, Sep 25). COVID-19 Emergency Response UNICEF Hy-giene Programing Guidance Note. https://www.unicef.org/media/66401/file/WASH-COVID-19-hygiene-programming-guidance-2020.pdf
14. World Health Organization. (2020, Sep 25). Healthy At Home. https://www.who.int/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combat-coronavirus/healthyathome
15. World Health Organization. (1998). Health Pro-motion. https://www.who.int/health-topics/health-promotion#tab=tab_1

1. 蔡昕璋(2022)。以焦點團體探討2020～2022 COVID-19疫情期間校園初級預防輔導工作經驗：以某大學學務工作者為例。學生事務與輔導，61(2)，33-50。
2. 段佩玉(2023)。COVID-19疫情之下的社會生活衝擊與心理健康之相關影響。諮商與輔導，446，2-5。
3. 楊斯媚,高婷舲,洪沛言,林怡如,周佳霓(2022)。COVID-19疫情下社區失智據點防疫模式初探：以中國醫藥大學北港附設醫院四個據點為例。社會工作實務與研究學刊，12，27+29+31-59+61。
4. (2022)。新冠肺炎疫情對高齡者身體活動與心理健康影響之探討。國立臺灣體育運動大學學報，11(2)，1-20。