適應水中運動對自閉症國小學生人際互動行為影響之研究

A Study of the Effects of Adapted Aquatics on Interpersonal Interaction Behaviors of Autism Children in Elementary School

10.6580/JTSP.2009.4(1).02

陳文長(Wen-Chang Chen)；徐偉庭(Wei-Ting Hsu)

適應水中運動 ； 自閉症 ； 人際互動行為 ； adapted aquatics ； autism ； interpersonal interaction behaviors

臺灣運動教育學報

4卷1期（2009 / 10 / 01）

19 - 41

繁體中文

本研究以高雄縣某國小三位五年級自閉症學生為研究對象，藉由八週16節適應水中運動之設計教學，旨在探究受試者自閉症徵候行為與正向人際互動行為之變化情形；採拍攝錄影以記錄受試者自閉症徵候行為與正向人際互動行為之類目次數，並運用相依樣本t考驗進行前後測差異情形之考驗；獲得以下結論：一、比較受試者前後測徵候行為類目之次數，學生甲有八個類目次數減少、一個類目未改變、五個類目次數增加；學生乙有十一個類目次數減少、三個類目增加；學生丙有七個類目次數減少、四個類目未改變、三個類目增加；二、經適應水中運動學習後，受試者自閉症徵候行為在「自玩自己地不理別人」、「聽而不聞」、「行為固定拒絕變化」、「不喜歡被人擁抱」、「活動量過高」、「目光不與人接觸」、及「對周圍事物漠不關心」等七個類目有顯著改變；三、比較受試者前後測正向人際互動行為類目之次數，學生甲增加七個類目、五個類目未改變、一個類目次數減少；學生乙與學生丙均增加十個類目、三個類目未改變；四、經適應水中運動學習後，受試者正向人際互動行為在「目光與人接觸」、「對他人聲音有反應」、「注意聽人說話」、「與他人一起活動」、及「遵守同伴指示」等五個類目有顯著改變。

The purposes of this study were to compare the changes of syndrome behaviors and positive interpersonal interaction behaviors of autism children after 8 weeks adapted aquatics learning. Subjects were three 5th grade students with autism in elementary school. These behaviors were categorized and recorded by tapes. The collected data were analyzed by dependent paired-samples t-test. The results of this study as follows: 1.compared the frequency of symptom behavioral categories of subjects, there were 8 items reduced and 5 items increased from student A, 11 items reduced and 3 items increased from student B, and 7 items reduced and 3 items increased from student C. 2.there were significant changes of symptom behaviors of subjects among several categories after adapted aquatics learning. 3.compared the frequency of positive interpersonal interaction behaviors of participants, there were 1 items reduced and 7 items increased from student A, 10 items increased both student B and student C. 4.there were significant changes of positive interpersonal interaction behaviors of subjects among several categories after adapted aquatics learning.

1. 教育部（1999）。身心障礙及資賦優異學生鑑定原則鑑定基準。臺北市：教育部。
2. (2001)。台灣適應體育運動與健康學會成立大會手冊。
3. Lowman, C. L. (1937). Techniques of underwater gymnastics. Los Angeles: American Publication.
4. American Psychiatric Association(1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder.Washington, DC:Author.
5. Block, M. E.(1994).A teacher's guide to including students with disabilities in regular physical education.Maryland:Brookes Publishing.
6. Conaster, P.,Block, M.,Gansneder, B.(2002).Aquatic instructors' beliefs toward inclusion: The theory of planned behavior.Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,19,172-187.
7. Gulliford, R.(Ed.),Upton, G.(Ed.)(1992).Special education needs.London:Routledge.
8. Jenkinson, J. C.(1997).Mainstream or special ? Educating students with disabilities.London:Routledge.
9. Lepore, M.,Gayle, G. W.,Stevens, S.(1998).Adapted aquatics programming: A professional guide.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
10. Lieberman, L. J.,Houston-Wilson, C.(2002).Strategies for inclusion: A handbook for physical educators.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
11. Lord, C.(1984).The development of peer relations in children with autism.Applied Developmental Psychology,1,165-230.
12. Lowman, C. L.,Roen, S.(1952).Therapeutic use of pools and tanks.Philadelphia:W. B. Saunders.
13. McGinnis, E.,Goldstein, A. P.(1984).From skillstreaming the elementary school child.Champaign, IL:Research Press.
14. McHale, S. M.(1983).The effects of repeated interaction on promoting play and communication between autism and non-handicapped children.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,53,81-91.
15. Sherrill, C.(Ed.)(2004).Adapted physical activity, recreation, and sport.Boston:McGraw-Hill Companies.
16. Sova, R.(1999).Essential principles of aquatic therapy and rehabilitation.Port Washington, WI:DSL, Ltd.
17. Sova, R.(2000).Aquatics: The complete reference guide for aquatic fitness professionals.Port Washington, WI:DSL, Ltd.
18. Wong, B.(Ed.)(1998).Learning about learning disabilities.California:Academic Press.
19. 何茂松(2000)。九年一貫新課程與融合式教育的體育─適應體育之因應。國教新知，46(2)，43-57。
20. 宋維村(2003)。國科會專題研究計畫成果報告書國科會專題研究計畫成果報告書,國科會。
21. 宋維村(2002)。國科會專題研究計畫成果報告書國科會專題研究計畫成果報告書,國科會。
22. 林曼蕙(2004)。肢障與病弱學生的教與學。臺灣適應體育，2(2)，25-32。
23. 林曼蕙(2000)。腦性麻痺與游泳運動。學校體育，10(5)，15-20。
24. 林鎮坤、高桂足(2003)。適應體育理念與發展方向─從身心障礙邁向身心健康之探討。2003 國際適應體育研討會論文集
25. 滕德政(2004)。適應體育教學。臺北:師大書苑。
26. 賴復寰(1998)。殘障體育運動概論。臺北:正中。
27. 闕月清(2004)。臺灣適應體育的發展。臺灣適應體育，2(2)，18-19。

1. 劉芯綺、黃崇儒(2016)。運動介入自閉症類群之文獻回顧。臺灣運動心理學報，16(2)，123-144。