績優高中女排教練訓練行爲之個案研究

Coaching Behaviors of the Elite Female Volleyball Coach in Senior High School

10.29429/JSLHR.200909_4(3).06

吳海助(Hai-Chu Wu)

系統觀察 ； ASUOI ； 排球教練 ； 訓練行爲 ； systematic observation ； ASUOI ； volleyball coach ； coaching behaviors

運動休閒餐旅研究

4卷3期（2009 / 09 / 01）

96 - 113

繁體中文

本研究的目的在進行績優高中女子排球教練訓練行爲的個案分析，除分析教練訓練行爲的內容與型態外，並探討教練訓練行爲的認知過程。以亞利桑那州立大學觀察工具(ASUOI)修改版的14個行爲類目，對一位績優高中女子排球教練進行系統觀察分析與詮釋性訪談。經由結果分析與討論，歸納結論如下：教練訓練過程的主要行爲是「當場指導、指示與責備」，三種行爲共佔行爲總數的80.21%，其餘行爲如問問題、管理、肢體協助、事前指導等很少使用，訓練行爲使用率爲5.94次／分鐘。教練認爲「當場指導、指示與責備」訓練型態的形成，在於以「指示配合當場指導」進行訓練，能對尚未具備自主能力的高中選手加以耳提面命，易於達成既定的訓練計畫與進度。平日訓練使用較多責備，是希望選手隨時處於備戰狀態，高水準選手應該接受教練嚴格、高標準的訓練。

The purpose of this study was to understand coaching behaviors of the elite female volleyball coach. Except the contents and styles of coaching behaviors, it also explored the cognitive process of coaching behaviors by the coach. The subject was an elite female volleyball coach in senior high school. The research methods were systematic observation and interview. The instruments were the Arizona State University Observation Instrument (ASUOI) including 14 revised behavior-categories, and the semi-interview. The results were as the following: The main behaviors of coaching were Concurrent Instruction, Direction, and Scold which spent 80.21% on coaching. Furthermore, those behaviors, Questioning, Management, Physical Assistance, and Preinstruction, were few be used on coaching. Each behavior of coaching was used in 5.94 per minute by the coach. The coach thought that the behaviors of Concurrent Instruction, Direction, and Scold were supported for instruction simultaneously, and needed to spend more time on those students to achieve the purpose of coaching. Scold was used more in coaching by the coach, and it wished the athletes to prepare the competition. In addition, those athletes needed more serious and high level of standard in coaching.

1. 吳海助(2002)。大甲國中手球教練訓練行爲分析。弘光學報，39，139-147。
   連結：
2. 吳海助、林千源(2004)。教練訓練行爲的利器－指導與回饋。弘光學報，43，211-218。
   連結：
3. 吳海助、劉兆達、戴偉國(2007)。跆拳道指導者的教學與訓練行爲分析之行動研究。國立體育學院論叢，18(2)，57-72。
   連結：
4. 鄭漢吾(2000)。台北市，國立台灣師範大學體育研究所。
   連結：
5. 鄭漢吾(2003)。優秀國中羽球教練訓練行爲與訓練行爲知覺之個案研究。體育學報，35，233-244。
   連結：
6. 鄭漢吾、闕月清(2000)。教練訓練行爲之相關文獻回顧。體育學報，29，47-57。
   連結：
7. Bloom, G. A.,Durand-Bush, N.,Salmela, J. H.(1997).Pre- and post-competition routines of expert coaches of team sports.The Sport Psychologist,11,127-141.
8. Claxton, D. B.(1988).A systematic observation of more and less successful high school tennis coaches.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,7,302-310.
9. Cratty, B. J.(1989).Psychology in contemporary sport.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
10. Cushion, C. J.,Jones, R. L.(2001).A systematic observation of professional top-level youth soccer coaches.Journal of Sport Behavior,24(4),354-376.
11. Darst, P. W. (Eds.),Zakrajesk, D. B. (Eds.),Mancini, V. H. (Eds.)(1989).Analyzing Physical Education and Sport Instruction.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
12. Darst, P. W.,Langsdorf, E.,Richardson, D. E.,Krahenbuhl, G. S.(1981).Analyzing coaching behavior and practice time.Motor Skills: Theory and Practice,5(1),13-22.
13. Davis, P.(1980).The badminton coach.London:Kaye & Ward Limited.
14. Sociology of Sport On-line
15. Horn, T. S. (Ed.)(1992).Advances in sport psychology.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
16. Jones, R. L.(1997).Effective instructional coaching behaviors: A review of literature.International Journal of Physical Education,34(1),27-32.
17. Jones, R.,Potrac, P.,Ramalli, K.(1999).Where Sport Meets Physical Education: A Systematic Observation of Role Conflict.International Journal of Physical Education,36(1),7-14.
18. Lacy, A. C.,Darst, P. W.(1985).Systematic observation of behaviors of winning high school head football coaches.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,4,256-270.
19. Lacy, A. C.,Darst, P. W.,P. D. Darst(Eds.),D. B. Zakrajsek(Eds.),V. H. Mancini (Eds.)(1989).Analyzing physical education and sport instruction: Second education.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
20. Lacy, A. C.,Goldston, P. D.(1990).Behavior analysis of male and female coaches in high school girls' basketball.Journal of Sport Behavior,13(1),29-39.
21. Patton, M. Q.(1990).Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
22. Potrac, P.,Brewer, C.,Jones, R.,Armour, K.,Hoff, J.(2000).Toward an holistic understanding of the coaching process.Quest,52,186-199.
23. Potrac, P.,Jones, R. L.,Armour, K.(2002).It's all about getting respect: The coaching behaviors of an expect English soccer coach.Sport.Education and Society,7(2),183-202.
24. Potrac, P.,Jones, R. L.,Armour, K.(1997).A comparison of early and mid season coaching behaviors of top level English soccer coaches.Paper presented at the AIESEP 1997 World Conference,Singapore:
25. Rupert, T.,Buschner, C.(1989).Teaching and coaching: A comparison of instructional behavior.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,9,49-57.
26. Segrave, J. O.,Ciancio, C. A.(1990).An observational study of a successful Pop Warner football coach.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,9,294-306.
27. Siedentop, D.(1983).Developing teaching skills in physical education.Palo Alto, CA:Mayfield.
28. Smith, M.,Cushion, C. J.(2006).An investigation of the in-game behaviors of professional, top-level youth soccer coaches.Journal of Sports Sciences,24(4),355-366.
29. Soloman, G. B.,Golden, A. J.,Ciapponi, T. M.,Martin, A. D.(1998).Coach Expectations and differential feedback: Perceptual flexibility revisited.Journal of Sport Behavior,21(3),298-310.
30. Spencer, A. F.(1992).Florida,The Florida State University.
31. Tharp, R. G.,Gallimore, R.(1976).What a coach can teach a teacher.Psychology Today,9(8),75-78.
32. van der Mars, H.,P. D. Darst(Eds.),D. B. Zakrajsek(Eds.),V. H. Mancini (Eds.)(1989).Analyzing physical education and sport instruction.Champaign IL:Human Kinetic.
33. Woodman, L.(1993).Coaching: A science, an art, an emerging profession.Sport Science Review,2(2),1-13.
34. 吳海助(2005)。績優中學手球隊教練訓練行爲分析。台中:漢明。
35. 吳海助(2006)。教練訓練行爲的研究取向與ASUOI系統觀察工具的介紹。弘光研究動態，29，1。
36. 吳海助、林千源(2004)。教練的有效訓練行爲內容分析。中華體育，18(3)，72-80。
37. 吳聲豪(2007)。彰化縣，國立彰化師範大學運動科學研究所。
38. 李文田(1997)。運動教練行爲分析－以大學籃球教練爲例。國立體育學院論叢，8(1)，145-157。
39. 周禾程(2007)。桃園縣，國立體育學院體育研究所。
40. 林漢斌(2003)。屏東縣，國立屏東師範學院體育學系教學碩士班。
41. 陳玉枝、國立台灣師範大學體育研究與發展中心主編(2000)。學校體育教學研究方法手冊。台北市:教育部。
42. 葉憲清、姚漢禱(2001)。編製運動教練評鑑量表。國立體育學院論叢，11(2)，1-15。
43. 趙麗雲(2007)。健身運動教練行爲分析。台北市:財團法人國家政策研究基金會。
44. 歐正明(2006)。台北市，國立台灣師範大學體育學系在職進修碩士班。
45. 薛文煌(2006)。新竹市，國立新竹教育大學人資處體育教學碩士班。
46. 闕月清、周宏室主編(2002)。運動教育學。台北市:師大書苑。

1. 劉兆達、吳海助、吳茂全(2011)。大學績優排球教練比賽指導行為分析。運動與遊憩研究，6(1)，148-169。
2. 歐宗明(2017)。教練行為觀察紀錄系統CBORS 評析。長榮運動休閒學刊，11，43-55。