運動員的蛻變－參與志願服務動機歷程的轉變

The Transformation of Student Athletes: A Case Study of the Motivational Process Transition on Voluntary Service

10.6569/NTUJPE.2017.32.03

許建民(Chien-Ming Hsu)；許嘉君(Chia-Chun Hsu)

運動志工 ； 起始動機 ； 維持動機 ； 動機調節 ； 自我決定理論 ； Sport Volunteer ； Original Motivation ； Continued Motivation ； Motivation Regulation ； Self-Determination Theory

臺大體育學報

32輯（2017 / 03 / 01）

41 - 56

繁體中文

在許多先進國家志願服務已是社會的重要一環，因為他們可以為不同層級的組織與社區帶來貢獻，並且經由他們的投入，個人、組織和社區的社會資本方得以累積。在政府積極推展社區運動的同時，運動領域有愈來愈依賴志工的趨勢。然而各社區在招募志工時也遇到一些困境，主要在於志願服務人員的不穩定。為了探究持續參與志願服務的根源，本研究採用自我決定理論動機調節與內化的觀點，以尋求志工動機的改變歷程與決定因素，同時探索這些改變對其未來參與的影響為何。以立意取樣方式選取新竹教育大學18名參與「活力有young運動攜手計畫」的學生為研究對象，透過半結構式訪談採集資料，結果發現，起始動機以外在調節和內省調節兩類為主，而持續動機則轉化至內省調節，甚至有認同調節和內在動機的出現。此外訪談結果也顯示，自主感的支持、勝任感的滿足和關係感的建立是轉化動機的重要因素。當動機轉化至較能自我決定的型態時，未來持續參與和推薦的可能性就會較高。根據本研究之發現，給志願服務管理單位及未來研究提出數點建議。

Voluntary service is a central part of today’s society in many advanced country due to it can make substantial contributions to communities and organizations at many levels. There is a growing trend toward recruit volunteers when a government policy aimed to increase levels of participation in community sport but a dilemma stem from the unstable of volunteer numbers. In order to explore the sustainability within voluntary service, this study used motivation internalization and regulation perspectives from self-determination theory to examine the motivational process transition. Besides, the influences of motivation outcomes were discussed. Using semi-structural interview to collect data, 18 student sport volunteers came from National Hsinchu Unversity of Education participated in this study. Results showed original motivation types for volunteers were external regulation and introjected regulation. When continue to work on voluntary service, their motivation types were change into introjected regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation. In addition, autonomy, competence, and relatedness were major determinants of motivation transition. When their motivation types belong to self-determined, high probability of continued and recommend to others were proposed. According to the findings above, some advices were suggest for retain volunteers and future study.

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