溫故而知新？－《國粹學報》裡的《春秋》論述

Gain New Insights through Restudying Old Material?-An Inquiry into Guo-Cui Journal's Vision on Chun-Chiu

10.30091/JCDNCHU.200712.0008

蔡妙真(Miao-Chen Tsai)

國粹學報 ； 國學 ； 春秋 ； 攘夷 ； 民族主義 ； 民權主義 ； Guo-Cui Journal ； the quintessence of Chinese culture ； Chun-Chiou ； driving out the barbarian invaders ； nationalism ； doctrine of people's rights

興大中文學報

22期（2007 / 12 / 01）

177 - 203

繁體中文

清末－連串喪敗的國恥，使民族文化陷入自信陵夷的危機，為救此弊而有《國粹學報》之創刊，訴求「學亡則亡國；國亡則亡族」，提倡以保存國粹救國，視滿清入關建國為最近一次的「亡國」，將國學保存、發揚種姓、推翻滿清、挽救殖民危機等行動串連成不可分割的同一戰線。 《國粹學報》以發揚經義為保存國粹之先，會通諸學為承，其法不在於訓故考據；也絕非空言心性而可致，而在「求學術會通之旨」，亦即在源自本土、符合歷史經驗的固有典籍中找出符乎國情、合乎文化體質的大道，作為往後治國之準則。因此，在救亡圖存的訴求下闡釋《春秋》，當然有不同於前賢之新焦點，對「民族」、「民權」思想之極力闡發，即是一端。此外，救國得講實務，打破學科限制有其必要，因此，會通群經、混同經、史之義，乃至致力貫通經、子思想等，都是《國粹學報》論《春秋》時有別於傳統治專經、守家法、循師法的學術範式，此其「知新」的部分。 《國粹學報》利用《春秋》攘夷大義，成功喚起了民族主義；轉化《春秋》的愛民、民本思想為民權主張，成功達到革命的訴求。但其觀會通之主張係基於「溫故得以知新」的理念，以「知新」來檢驗，學報「民族主義」論述的部分，實未出明末顧炎武《日知錄》對《左傳》闡釋的範疇；「民權主義」論述的部分又多少有含糊牽拘「民本思維」於「民權思想」之嫌，此又「知新」部分猶待深入追究者。

The confidence in our own country was fast falling into decay as the defeats in wars and international diplomacy in the end of the Ching Dynasty was aggravated. That was why Guo-Cui Journal was published. It declared that so long as the quintessence of Chinese culture is conserved, the country will survive too. Thus exaltation of the quintessence of Chinese culture is the very first job, a thorough interpenetration between all of them is the second. With anxiety about saving the country, the vision of Guo-Cui Journal on Chun-Chiu definitely is different from the traditional interpenetrations. It dredged up nationalism and doctrine of people's rights from Chun-Chiu, and identified Confucian Classics with history even with pre-Chin thinkers. The nationals had a gradual awakening to the nationalism and civil rights with the accentuation of Guo-Cui Journal. Its efforts finally overthrew the Ching Dynasty. But ”driving out the barbarian invaders” advocated by Chun-Chiu is not a new interpenetration and is not exactly equal to nationalism. Think highly of common citizens or place emphasis on loving the ruled is not equal to doctrine of people's rights either. These were the problems of Guo-Cui Journal in gaining new insights through restudying old material.