漢語方言中的[uei]韻母研究－以官話區為研究對象

The Research of the Final Rhyme [uei] in Chinese Dialect-Basis of Mandarin Area

10.30091/JCDNCHU.200712.0002

宋韻珊(Yun-Shan Sung)

uei韻母 ； 止攝 ； 蟹攝 ； 漢語方言 ； 官話 ； Final of Syllable uei ； Zhi^3止 ； Xie^4蟹 ； Chinese Dialect ； Mandarin

興大中文學報

22期（2007 / 12 / 01）

47 - 57

繁體中文

本文旨在探究[uei]韻母與各系聲母結合時所產生的語音變化與地理分布，當檢視過93個官話區的基礎方言點後，獲悉[uei]與唇音字結合時，當是最早一批丟失掉u介音轉讀開口音[ei]的聲母；舌尖音的t系聲母與[uei]的組合最為鬆動自由，既可配[ei]，也適合與[uei]相配；至於舌根音當是維持[uei]韻母的最後一道防線。而根據個人的觀察與分析，發現北方官話多維持[uei]韻母的複合元音型態，江淮官話與西南官話則有傾向由合口轉開口且單元音化、低元音化的趨勢。[uei]韻母的消失若就發音部位論，從唇音最早開始，然後依序是舌音、齒音的演化順序，舌根音聲母k系則是維持讀[uei]韻母型態的最後一塊根據地；倘若從受阻狀態來分，鼻音、邊音和擦音比起塞音更易丟失圓唇音u的合口性質，相形之下，塞音（尤其是舌根塞音）尚較能保有[uei]韻母。此為[uei]韻母在中國境內官話區所呈顯出的幾種面向。

This essay is focus in the modern pronunciation type and the spread of two rhyme groups, Zhi^3(止) and Xie^4(蟹), of Chinese dialects. In the modern Bei^3 Jing^1 dialect, the middle ancient Zhi^3(止) and Xie^4(蟹), two rhyme groups, were pronounced in [ei] and [uei] two types. ”杯貝碑飛內雷累類” which come from middle ancient Ni^2 (泥)and Lai^2(來), two initials, were pronounced in [ei] and the others were pronounced in [uei]. But if we use Bei^3 Jing^1 dialect to be our standard, we would find an opposed phenomenon. For all over checking those changes of all pronunciations, we used 93 regional dialects to be the base of observation. After we checked all materials, we found four interesting questions about [uei] and [ei]. The fact is when they combine with some particular initials, they would have some obvious changes. This is a bold essay to arrange those phenomena in formula. Through this essay, we hope we can analyze the combination of the final rhyme [uei] with each initial in order to provide some references to other researchers.

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