宋儒項安世《周易玩辭》之著作及其與程、朱《易》學異同之研究

The Research on "Zhouyi Wanci (Expounding Doctrine of Zhouyi)"-the Work of Song Dynasty Confucianist Xiang Anshi and Its Similarities and Dissimilarities with Cheng Yi's and Zhu Xi's Study of "The Book of Changes (Yijing)"

10.30091/JCDNCHU.201206.0003

江乾益(Chien-Yi Chiang)

項安世 ； 《周易玩辭》 ； 《周易正義》 ； 《易程傳》 ； 《周易本義》 ； 易學 ； Xiang Anshi ； "Zhouyi Wanci (Expounding Doctrine of Zhouyi)" ； "Zhouyi Zhengyi" ； "Yi Cheng Zhuan"(same as "Yizhuan") ； "Zhouyi Benyi" ； Study of "The Book of Changes (Yijing) "

興大中文學報

31期（2012 / 06 / 01）

55 - 91

繁體中文

本篇論文旨在探究宋儒項安世《周易玩辭》一書成書過程，與其經義有所承、或有變異於程頤《易傳》、朱熹《周易本義》者，並探論其故。爰以清初納蘭成德之編纂《通志堂經解》，所收錄唐、宋、元、明解經著作甚多，解《易》之作計三十九種則為其中之最，而項氏《玩辭》存其中焉。又在康熙之晚朝，李光地奉敕撰《周易折中》，收入項氏《易》說者計有一百四十二條；其中收入「總論」者九條，此乃李氏以為其說可視為歷代《易》說之總結者；又收在「集說」者亦有九條，則是李氏經檢視諸家之說，以為有獨樹之見解者。凡此，皆可見項氏《周易玩辭》為傑出秀異，故一向受人重視，得以流傳於世。今以讀其書，自期以知其人而論其世也。故本篇首節乃著力爬梳相關傳記資料，藉為敘述其生平而觀察其著述之背景。次節以項氏之學出自程、朱，且詳究於漢、宋象數易學，故概論其與程、朱二家《易》學之異同。第三節則貼切於文本，深究《周易玩辭》之內容；文中分別就其解《易》之內在理據、論卦爻象辭與卦變，與其解《易》之整體與連續觀念，及其以象數輔助義理等諸端從事探究，因此總結而評騭其解經之成果，以收束全文。

The thesis aimed to explore the process of completion of Song Dynasty Confucianist Xiang Anshi's work ”Zhouyi Wanci,” his thinking of ”The Book of Changes (Yijing)” that was inherited or different from Cheng Yi's ”Yizhuan” and Zhu Xi's ”Zhouyi Benyi,” and probe into the reasons why. ”Tongzhitang Jingjie” compiled by Nalan Chengde in the beginning of Qing Dynasty collected quite a lot of writings of explanation of Five Classics in Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties; among them, there were 39 pieces of works of explanation of ”The Book of Changes (Yijing)” that were the greatest in quantity, and Xiang's ”Wanci” was one of them. Moreover, in the later period under the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Li Guangde received the order from above to write ”Zhouyi Zhezhong,” and there were 142 items of Xiang's theory of ”The Book of Changes (Yijing)” colleted within; among them, there were 9 items collected in the ”General Theories,” and this was because Li thought Xiang's theory could be deemed as the summary of the theories of ”The Book of Changes (Yijing)” in all the past dynasties; there were also 9 items gathered in ”Collection of Theories of All Sects,” and they were the ones that Li regarded as being with unique views after examining the theories of all sects. From the above exposition, we can see that Xiang's ”Zhouyi Wanci (Expounding Doctrine of Zhouyi)” was remarkable and out of ordinary; therefore, it was always respected by people and it was spread from generation to generation. Now I read his book and expect myself to know his personality and discuss the background of his times. Hence in the thesis' first section, I put forth effort to sort out relevant data of his biographies, and narrated his life story and made an observation of the background of his writings by means of it. In the second section, I explained that Xiang's study came from Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi, and he made deepgoing research on Xiangshu (symbols) of study of ”The Book of Changes (Yijing)” in Song Dynasty; therefore, I made a general exposition of its similarities and dissimilarities with Cheng Yi's and Zhu Xi's study of ”The Book of Changes (Yijing).” In the third section, I took the text as the basis completely to make a deepgoing research on the content of ”Zhouyi Wanci (Expounding Doctrine of Zhouyi);” in the thesis, I aimed at several dimensions of his internal theoretical basis of interpreting ”The Book of Changes (Yijing),” discussions of divinatory symbols, single and divided lines, phenomena, generalization on divination, and change of symbols, the integral and continuous concepts of his interpreting ”The Book of Changes (Yijing),” and his using Xiangshu (symbols ) as the auxiliary to Yili (principles) to devote myself to exploration, and made a comprehensive appraisal and commented on his achievement of interpreting ”The Book of Changes (Yijing)” to conclude.

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