题名 |
中日宣講聖諭的話語流動 |
并列篇名 |
A Comparison of the Chinese and Japanese Language Current in Explaining and Publicizing of Imperial Edicts |
DOI |
10.30091/JCDNCHU.201212.0005 |
作者 |
阿部泰記(Abe Yasuki) |
关键词 |
宣講聖諭 ; 《六諭》 ; 《六諭衍義》 ; 《宣講集要》 ; 《宣講拾遺》 ; 《漢川善書》 ; 《六諭衍義大意》 ; popularly explaining and publicizing for "Imperial Edicts" ; "Six Imperial Edicts" ; "Spread Meaning for Six Imperial Edicts" ; "suanchiang-chiyao" ; "Hsuanchiang-shiyi" ; Hanchuan-shanshu ; "General Idea of the Spread Meaning for Six Imperial Edicts" |
期刊名称 |
興大中文學報 |
卷期/出版年月 |
32期(2012 / 12 / 01) |
页次 |
93 - 130 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
明太祖《六諭》是用簡單易懂的四言六句來教化民眾的聖諭。這《六諭》,後來在鄉約或家訓裡誦讀,出了很多講解的本子。范鋐《六諭衍義》是其中之一,為了教化庶民,既使用了白話文,又插進了因果報應故事,成為後來民間宣講聖諭的模式。此書雖然在中國失傳,當時出了很多同類之書。到了清代末期,民間產出了跟民眾更親近的說唱形式的宣講書,《宣講集要》、《宣講拾遺》等,吸引了聽眾。到了現在,湖北漢川地區還傳承這說唱宣講,但已經教化性淡,而娛樂性濃。日本的宣講聖諭主要由模寫或誦讀形式來傳播,其源頭是范鋐《六諭衍義》。它由琉球國程順則(1963年-1735年)在福州重刻帶回,日本享保六年(1721年),由島津吉貴獻上了將軍德川吉宗。而日本漢學家看不懂白話文,先由荻生徂徠(1666年-1728年)加訓點翻刻,翌年由室鳩巢(1658年-1734年)翻譯成《六諭衍義大意》。當時將軍推薦了室氏本,王侯官吏等翻刻或抄寫此書而用於庶民教育。當時需要適合於日本文化環境,刪掉了中國故事,而插進了日本故事。例如京都勝田知卿《官許校正增加六諭衍義大意》收錄了《太平記》等本朝偉人故事,而同書播磨國版插進了當地偉人近藤龜藏灌溉水田的故事,等等。直到現在,沖繩縣人民尊重程順則的偉業,還舉行紀念活動;當地久米崇聖會出版的《現代版六諭衍義大意》,是以漫畫形式講解《六諭》而鼓勵孩子遵守禮節的書。總的來說,宣講聖諭需要使用庶民親近的語言文字,所以其話語表現,在中日各地區各時代發生流動,是極其自然的事。 |
英文摘要 |
The ”Six Imperial Edicts” of the first founder of Ming dynasty is constituted by four words six sentences, simple and easy to understand, for moralizing the common people. And then this ”Six Imperial Edicts” is read aloud in village rules or domestic instruction, produced a lot of explanation text. Fan Hong's ”Spread Meaning for Six Imperial Edicts” is one of those texts, in order to moralize the common people, uses vernacular language and infixes karma story, became a model as popularly explaining and publicizing for ”Imperial Edicts”. Although this text is lost in China, but a great many similar texts were published at that time. Up to the end of Ch'ing Dynasty, more popular folk Rap form texts, such as ”Hsuanchiang-chiyao”, ”Hsuanchiang-shiyi” were produced among the people, and had a strong appeal to the audience.By now, Hanchuan district of Hupei province still inherits this Rap form folk lecture, only the property of moralization already weak and the property of amusement strong. In Japan, popularly explaining and publicizing for Imperial Edicts mainly spreads by writing or reading, and its headstream is Fan Hong's ”Spread Meaning for Six Imperial Edicts”. Fan Hong's work is by Tei Junsoku (1963-1735), a scholar of Lyukyu, reprints in Fuchou and brings back to Lyukyu, then Shimazu Yoshitaka, the fourth lord of Satsuma clan, offered up to General Tokugawa Yoshimune at Japanese Kyoho six years (1721).But Japanese sinologists are blind to vernacular, therefore General ordered Ogyu Sorai (1666-1728), who can translate Chinese, add training points and reprint, then ordered Muro Kyuso (1658-1734), a famous sinologist, translate general idea of this text next year. At that time, General recommended Muro's text, lords and officials reprinted or copied this text, used to lecture people as well. Then they needed to suit for Japanese cultural context, cut out Chinese stories and added Japanese stories. For instance, Kyoto Katuta Chikyo's ”Kankyo-kosei-zouka-rikuyuengi-taii” included Japanese great men story in ”Taiheiki” and so on. And its text printed by Harima clan, included an irrigating story of a local great man Kondo Kamezo. Up to the present, people of Okinawa country respect the great work of Tei Junsoku, still hold commemorative activities. Kume Suseikai in Okinawa also printed ”Gendaiban-Rikuyuengitaii”, which is explain ”Six Imperial Edicts” by Manga form, and encourage children to comply with courtesy. In summary, popularly explaining and publicizing for ”Imperial Edicts” needs to use spoken and written language which is close to people. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
人文學綜合 人文學 > 語言學 人文學 > 中國文學 |
参考文献 |
|