誰是影響國小校長學校經營的組織內關鍵人物？－兼論影響方式與校長因應策略

The Key Persons in Elementary School Management and Organizational Strategies

10.6434/BER.200802.0051

李鴻章(Hung-Chang Lee)

關鍵人物 ； 學校經營 ； 組織發展 ； 國民小學 ； 校長 ； key persons ； school management ； organization development ； elementary school ； principal

教育學術彙刊

2卷1期（2008 / 02 / 01）

51 - 80

繁體中文

本研究的主要目的旨在了解誰是國小校長學校經營的組織內關鍵人物、這些關鍵人物之影響方式，以及校長的因應策略爲何。研究採用問卷調查與訪談兩種方法，問卷採用分層隨機抽樣，共抽取國小教育人員734人，並立意訪談4位大學教授與6位國小校長，訪談焦點主要針對校長所知覺的關鍵人物以及相關的因應策略。 根據本研究分析結果，最後將學校組織內的關鍵人物分爲學校體制外領導者、具特殊背景者、以及具正式組織職位者等三類。其次，關鍵人物之影響方式分爲正面影響方式與負面影響方式兩種。而本研究主要研究發現有以下四點： （一）學校主任是影響校長學校經營組織內最重要的關鍵人物。而不適任教師是校長學校經營過程中最困擾的學校內關鍵人物 （二）提供積極有力的支持與惡意攻擊組織或領導人是關鍵人物最重要的正負面影響程度。 （三）不同背景者對各類關鍵人物的看法有所不同，其中不同職務與年資者對學校體制外領導者、具特殊背景者與具正式組織職位者等三類看法不同 （四）建立有效溝通管道與方式，並積極尋求其他第三者協助，是受訪者認爲最佳的因應策略。

The main purpose of this research is to gain a greater insight into whom the key persons are in elementary school management. The types of key persons and how they affect school management and the corresponding strategies of a principal. Two methods were adopted-questionnaires and interviews. Interview subjects consisted of 734, randomly chosen, elementary school educators, judgmental interviews with four college professors and six elementary school principals, Interviews were conducted focusing on corresponding strategies of a principal for dealing with key persons. Based on the research findings, key persons in an organization are divided into 3 categories: One with special background, one with leadership and one with an official position. Furthermore, how key persons affect management is divided into positive and negative levels. The primary analytic findings of this research are as follows: The most important person who affects school management is the ”school director”. Based on results of interviews, ”incompetent teachers” are the cause of managerial problems at schools. According to interviewees, the most important positive and negative levels of how key persons affect management are ”active and powerful support” and ”malicious attacks on an organization or leader” respectively. Opinions of people from different backgrounds, on all kinds of key persons, vary. The opinions of individuals of different positions and work experience on the ones with special background are that the ones with leadership and the one with an official position are different. Finally, interviewees agreed that the best corresponding strategy is to establish effective communication channel and to seek assistance from a third party.