心像感受量表之編製研究

The Study of Development of "Imaginative Susceptibility Inventory"

10.6472/JFEC.201012.0133

曾迎新(Yin-Hsing Tseng)

心像感受 ； 暗示 ； 催眠 ； imaginative susceptibility ； suggestion ； hypnosis

家庭教育與諮商學刊

9期（2010 / 12 / 01）

133 - 156

繁體中文

催眠具有神秘色彩，一直是西方學者受關注的議題，但是華人社會普遍對催眠具有迷思，由於缺乏華文研究工具，影響催眠的研究發展。本研究之目的在編製適合華人使用的「心像感受量表」，提供研究工作者與臨床工作者使用。本研究量表係根據催眠與心像感受測量的理論、模式與研究者的實務經驗來編製，研究樣本取自某綜合大學大一全體新生1456人，其中有效樣本1151人，以探索性因素分析來探討量表的因素結構，以驗證性因素分析驗證心像感受模式，研究結果如下： 1.量表總共十一題，經探索式因素分析獲得動作感受，認知感受兩因素。 2.驗證性因素分析顯示心像感受模式有良好聚合效度、區別效度。 3.內部一致性信度顯示兩因素的信度良好。 本研究建議實務工作者可考慮運用心像感受量表於實務工作，研究者在未來可考慮運用此量表於不同樣本、方法、與研究設計。

Hypnosis has mysterious shades. Western scholars focus on this issue more than one hundred of years. However, in Chinese society, hypnosis is still a myth. Due to lack of instrument, hypnosis research was hampered. The aim of this study was to develop a Chinese version ”Imaginative Susceptibility Inventory” and to provide researchers and clinicians an applicable instrument. The development of the ”Imaginative Susceptibility Inventory” was according to hypnotic suggestibility theories, types of suggestion models and the authors' practical experiences. Samples were taking from the whole 1456 freshmen in a university. The valid samples were 1151. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to analyze the factor structure of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the model that was derived from the results of exploratory factor analysis. The results as follow: 1. There were 11 items in the imaginative susceptibility inventory. The two factors were motor and cognitive derived from the results of exploratory factor analysis.. 2. The results of CFA showed that there are good convergent validity and discriminant validity of the model. 3. Internal consistency reliability showed both factors had good reliability. The results imply that practitioners may apply the instrument in their clinical use and researchers may apply the instrument with different samples, methods, and research designs in future studies.

1. Spanos, N. P. (1983). The Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale.Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada..
2. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2010). Mental imagery. Retrieved May 28,2010 from the World Wide Web: http://www.seop.leeds.ac.uk/entries/mental-imagery/
3. Anderson, J. C.,Gerbing, D. W.(1988).Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.Psychological Bulletin,103,411-423.
4. Balthazard, C. G.(1993).The hypnosis scales at their centenary: some fundamental issues still unresolved.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,41,47-73.
5. Balthazard, C. G.,Woody, E. Z.(1985).The stuff of hypnotic performance: A review of psychometric approaches.Psychological Bulletin,98,283-296.
6. Balthazard, C. G.,Woody, E. Z.(1992).The spectral analysis of hypnotic performance with respect to absorption.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,40,21-43.
7. Barber, T. X.(1965).Measuring "hypnotic-like" susceptibility with and without "hypnotic induction": Psychometric properties, norms, and variables influencing response to the Barber Suggestibility Scale (BBS).Psychological Reports,16,809-844.
8. Barber, T. X.,Wilson, S. C.(1978).The Barber Suggestibility Scale and the Creative Imagination Scale: Experimental and clinical applications.American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis,21,84-108.
9. Barr, K.,Hall, C.(1992).The use of imagery by rowers.International Journal of Sports Psychology,23,243-261.
10. Bentler, P. M.,Bonett, D. G.(1980).Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis covariance structures.Psychological Bulletin,88,588-606.
11. Bowers, K. S.(1993).The Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) scale of hypnotic susceptibility: Normative and comparative data.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,41,35-46.
12. Buzan, T.,Buzan, B.(1996).The Mind Map Book: How to Use Radiant Thinking to Maximize Your Brain's Untapped Potential.New York:Penquin Books.
13. Cudeck, R.(ed.),Du Toit, Stephen(ed.),Sörbom, D.(ed.)(2001).Structural equation modeling: Present and future. A festschrift in honor of Karl Jöreskog.IL:SSI.
14. Dowd, E. T.(ed.),Healy, J. M.(ed.)(1986).Case studies in hypnotherapy.New York:the Guilford Press.
15. Fornell, C.,Larcker, D. F.(1981).Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.Journal of Marketing Research,18,39-50.
16. Fromm, E.(ed.),Nash, M. R.(ed.)(1992).Contemporary Perspectives in Hypnosis Research.New York:Guilford Press.
17. Fromm, E.(ed.),Shor, R. E.(ed.)(1979).Hypnosis: Developments in research and perspectives.Chicago:Aldine.
18. Hair, J. F.,Tatham, R. L.,Anderson, R. E.,Black, W.(2006).Multivariate data analysis.Upper Saddle River, N.J.:Pearson Prentice Hall.
19. Harrington, A.(ed.)(1997).The placebo effects: An interdisciplinary exploration.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
20. Heap, M.(ed.),Brown, R. J.(ed.),Oakley, D. A.(ed.)(2004).The Highly Hypnotizable Person.New York:Brunner-Routledge.
21. Heap, M.(ed.),Kirsch, I.(ed.)(2006).Hypnosis: Theory, Research and Application.Burlington VT:Ashgate.
22. Heap, M.,Alden, P.,Brown, R. J.,Naish, P. L. N.,Oakley, D. A.,Wagstaff, G. F.,Walker, L. J.(2001).The nature of hypnosis: A report prepared by a working party at the request of the Professional Affairs Board of the British Psychological Society.Leichester:British Psychological Society.
23. Heap, M.,Aravind, K.(2002).Hartland's medical and dental hypnosis.London:Harcourt.
24. Hilgard, J. R.(1970).Personality and hypnosis: A study of imaginative involvement.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
25. Hilgard, J. R.(1965).The experience of hypnosis.New York:Harcourt.
26. Hu, L.,Bentler, P. M.(1999).Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives.Structural Equation Modeling,6(1),1-55.
27. Kirch, I.,Braffman, W.(2001).Imaginative suggestibility and hypnotizability.Current Directions in Psychological Science,10(2),57-61.
28. Kirsch, I.(ed.),Capafons, A.(ed.),Cardena-Nuelna, E.(ed.),Amigo, S.(ed.)(1999).Clinical Hypnosis and Self-regulation: Cognitive-behavioral Perspectives.Washington, DC:American Psychology Association.
29. Kline, R. B.(2005).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York:The Guilford Press.
30. Mattoon, M. A.(1981).Jungian psychology in perspective.New York:Free Press.
31. McMullin, R. E.(2000).The new handbook of cognitive therapy techniques.New York:Norton.
32. Nash, M. R.(ed.),Barnier, A. J.(ed.)(2008).The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis: Theory, Research and Practice.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
33. Orne, M. T.,O''Connell, D. N.(1967).Diagnostic ratings of hypnotizability.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,15,125-133.
34. Pekala, R. J.,Forbes, E. J.(1997).Type of hypnotically susceptible individuals as a function of phenomenological experience: towards a typology of hypnotic types.American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis,39(3),212-224.
35. Peters, J. P.,Dhanens, T. P.,Lundy, R. M.,Landy, F. J.(1974).A factor analytic investigation of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,22,377-385.
36. Rhue, J. W.,Lynn, S. J.(1989).Fantasy proneness, hypnotizability and absorption: Are-examination.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,37,100-106.
37. Roark, J. B.(2009).U.S.A.,Washington State University.
38. Sharf, R. S.(2008).Theories of psychotherapy and counseling: Concepts and cases.Belmont, CA:Thomson Learning.
39. Shor, R. E.,Orne, E. C.(1962).Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: Form A.Palo Alto, California, USA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
40. Spiegel, D.,Detrick, D.,Frischholz, E.(1982).Hypnotizability and psychopathology.American Journal of Psychiatry,139,431-437.
41. Spiegel, H.,Spiegel, D.(1978).Trance and treatment: Clinical uses of hypnosis.New York:Basic Books.
42. Stutman, R. K.,Bliss, E. L.(1985).Posttraumatic stress disorder, hypnotizability, and imagery.American Journal of Psychiatry,142,741-743.
43. Tellegen, A.,Atkinson, G.(1974).Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (absorption), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,83,268-277.
44. Weitzenhoffer, A. M.(2002).Scales, scales and more scales.American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis,44,209-219.
45. Weizenhoffer, A. M.,Hillgard, E. R.(1959).Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form: A and B.Palo Alto, California, USA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
46. Weizenhoffer, A. M.,Hillgard, E. R.(1962).Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form: C.Palo Alto, California, USA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
47. Werts, C. E.,Linn, R. L.,Jöreskog, K. G.(1974).Intraclass reliability estimates: Testing structural assumptions.Educational and Psychological Measurement,34,25-33.
48. Woody, E. Z.(1997).Have the hypnotic susceptibility scales outlived their usefulness?.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,45,226-238.
49. 黃芳銘(2002)。結構方程模式理論與應用。台北:五南。
50. 黃芳銘(2004)。社會科學統計方法學 結構方程模式。台北市:五南。
51. 劉焜輝(1999)。催眠治療理論與實施。台北:天馬。

1. 曾迎新、許雅雯(2014)。催眠介入在運動心理諮詢工作的應用。中華體育季刊，28(3)，235-242。