漸進式阻力訓練與維生素D對中老年婦女功能性體適能的影響

The effects of resistance training and vitamin D supplement on functional fitness in middle-aged elderly women

10.29423/JSRR.202109_16(1).05

胡巧欣(Chiao-Hsin Hu)；魏健峰(Jian-Feng Wei)；吳一德(I-Te Wu)

阻力運動 ； 老年人 ； 營養攝取 ； 衰退 ； resistance exercise ； the elderly ； intake of nutrition ； decline

運動與遊憩研究

16卷1期（2021 / 09 / 01）

61 - 76

繁體中文

目標：適宜的運動計畫和營養攝取有效延緩中老年婦女功能性體適能。方法：以60名60歲以上無規律運動中老年婦女為研究對象，隨機分成4組（每組15名）：阻力訓練組、阻力訓練+維生素D組、維生素D組和對照組。實驗組的參與者進行為期12週的訓練計劃，每週3次、每次60分鐘，對照組保持正常作息。分別於訓練前、12週訓練後和停止訓練後1週，檢測功能性體適能。結果：12週的運動訓練後，RT組及RT＋D組各項功能性體適能皆顯著優於D組和CON組。且中老年婦女的功能性體適能在停止訓練後1週仍有保留效果。功能性體適能各變項間之關聯性，上肢肌力與下肢肌力、上肢肌力與靜態平衡、上肢肌力與動態平衡、上肢肌力與心肺耐力、下肢肌力與靜態平衡、下肢肌力與動態平衡、靜態平衡與動態平衡、靜態平衡與心肺耐力、動態平衡與心肺耐力間皆達顯著的相關性（p＜.05）。結論：12週漸進式阻力訓練與維生素D補充之組合性運動處方，可作為中老年婦女未來從事運動訓練時最好的參考模式。

Objectives: Intake of nutrition and a higher level of exercise Programs are helpful to prevent a decline in functional fitness. Methods: 60 subjects of middle-aged elderly women over 60 years old without exercise habits were recruited, randomly divided into 4 groups (15 subjects each): Resistance training group, Resistance training + vitamin D group, Vitamin D supplement group and Control group. The participants of experimental groups were in a 12-week exercise training program, with 3 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session, control group remains normal routine. Functional fitness was assessed before the training programs, after 12-week training programs, and 1-week after stop training. Results After 12-week exercise training intervention, the efficiency of functional fitness significantly increase in RT and RT+ D groups as compared with D and CON group. The functional fitness in middle-aged elderly women have retention effect 1 week after detraining. There is a significant correlation between U-LME and L-LME, U-LME and SB, U-LME and DB, U-LME and CPE, L-LME and SB, L-LME and DB, SB and DB, SB and CPE, DB and CPE, (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The intervention of a 12-week moderate intensity exercise training combined with vitamin D supplements and individual training programs with regard to exercise prescription might be used as a reference model of exercise training in middle-aged elderly women.

1. 溫蕙甄,陳忠慶(2012)。12 週團體有氧阻力及瑜珈阻力運動介入對停經後婦女功能性體適能、生活品質之影響。運動生理暨體能學報，14，35-48。
   連結：
2. Al, Snih(2007).The effect of obesity on disability vs mortality in older Americans.Archives of Internal Medicine,167,774-780.
3. American College of Sports Medicine(2007).Exercise and physical activity for older adults.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,30,992-1008.
4. American College of Sports Medicine(1998).ACSM position stand: Exercise and physical activity for older adults.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,30(6),992-1008.
5. Bocalini, D. S.,Santos, L. D.,Serra, A. J.(2008).Physical exercise improves the functional capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure.Clinics,63,437-442.
6. Booth, F. W.,Zwetsloot, K. A.(2010).Basic concepts about genes, inactivity and aging.Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,20,1-4.
7. Capodaglio, P.,Capodaglio, E. M.,Ferri, A.(2005).Muscle function and functional ability improves more in community dwelling older women with a mixed strength training programmer.Age Ageing,34,141-147.
8. Chang, Y. K.,Etnier, J. L.(2009).Effects of an acute bout of localized resistance exercise on cognitive performance in middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial study.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,10,19-24.
9. Chang, Y. K.,Etnier, J. L.(2009).Exploring the dose-response relationship between resistance exercise intensity and cognitive function.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,31,640-656.
10. Esteghamati, A.,Morteza, A.,Khalilzadeh, O.,Anvari, M.,Noshad, S.,Zandieh, A.,Nakhjavani, M.(2012).Physical inactivity is correlated with levels of quantitative C-reactive protein in serum, independent of obesity: Results of the national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Iran.Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition,30(1),66-72.
11. Fleg, J. L.,Morrell, C. H.,Bos, A. G.,Brant, L. J.,Talbot, L. A.,Wright, J. G.,Lakatta, E. G.(2005).Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults.Circulation,112(5),674-682.
12. Gudlaugsson, J.,Gudnason, V.,Aspelund, T.,Siggeirsdottir, K.,Johannsson, E.,Arngrimsson, S. A.,Olafsdottir, A. S.(2012).Effects of a 6-month multimodal training intervention on retention of functional fitness in older adults: A randomized-controlled cross-over design.Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,20,S89-S89.
13. Hasten, D. L.,Pak-Loduca, J.,Obert, K. A.,Yarasheski, K. E.(2000).Resistance exercise acutely increases MHC and mixed muscle protein synthesis rates in 78-84 and 23-32 yr olds.American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism,278(4),E620-E626.
14. Heiat, A.,Vaccarino, V.,Krumholz, H. M.(2001).An evidence-based assessment of federal guidelines for overweight and obesity as they apply to elderly persons.Archives of Internal Medicine,61(9),1194-1203.
15. Hung, H. C.,Joshipura, K. J.,Jiang, R.,Hu, F. B.,Hunter, D.,Smith-Warner, S. A.(2004).Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease.Journal of the National Cancer Institute,96(21),1577-1584.
16. Kallio, J.,Avela, J.,Moritani, T.,Kanervo, M.,Selanne, H.,Komi, P.,Linnamo, V.(2010).Effects of ageing on motor unit activation patterns and reflex sensitivity in dynamic movements.Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,20(4),590-598.
17. Leiter, S., JR.,Peeler, J.,Anderson, J. E.(2011).Exercise-induced muscle growth is muscle-specific and age-dependent.Mus Nerve,43,828-838.
18. Levy, S. S.,Macera, C. A.,Hootman, J. M.,Coleman, K. J.,Lopez, R.,Nichols, J. F.,Ji, M.(2012).Evaluation of a multi-component group exercise program for adults with arthritis: Fitness and exercise for people with arthritis (FEPA).Disability and Health Journal,5(4),305-311.
19. Loenneke, J. P.,Balapur, A.,Thrower, A. D.,Barnes, J. T.,Pujol, T. J.(2011).Blood flow restriction reduces time to muscular failure.European Journal of Sport Science,12(3),238-243.
20. Muir, S. W.,Montero-Odasso, M.(2011).Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, gait and balance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,59,2291-2300.
21. Rikli, R. E.,Jones, C. J.(1999).Development and validation of functional fitness test for community-residing older adults.Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,7,129-161.
22. Roubenoff, R.(2000).Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,54(suppl. 3),S40e7.
23. Tokmakidis, S. P.,Kalapotharakos, V. I.,Smilios, I.,Parlavantzas, A.(2009).Effects of detraining on muscle strength and mass after high or moderate intensity of resistance training in older adults.Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging,29,316-319.
24. Yarasheski, K. E.,Pak-Loduca, J.,Hasten, D. L.,Obert, K. A.,Brown, M. B.,Sinacore, D. R.(1999).Resistance exercise training increases mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in frail women and men 76 yr old.American Journal of Physiology,277(1Pt1),E118e25.
25. Young, C. M.,Weeks, B. K.,Beck, B. R.(2007).Simple, novel physical activity maintains proximal femur bone mineral density, and improves muscle strength and balance in sedentary, postmenopausal Caucasian women.Osteoporosis International,18,1379-1387.
26. Young, D. R.,Gittelsohn, J.,Charleston, J.,Felix-Aaron, K.,Appel, L. J.(2001).Motivation for exercise and weight loss among African-American women: Focus group results and their contribution towards program development.Ethnicity & Health,6(3/4),227-245.
27. Zeitz, U.,Weber, K.,Soegiarto, D. W.,Wolf, E.,Balling, R.,Erben, R. G.(2003).Impaired insulin secretary capacity in mice lacking a functional vitamin D receptor.FASEB Journal,17(3),509-511.
28. Zeng, W.,Chan, M. F.(2010).Investigating factors related to depression among older persons in Macau.Macau Journal of Nursing,9(1),1-9.
29. 行政院衛生署（ 2011 ）。 新版每日飲食指南 。 2011 年 7 月 8 日 ， 取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_p01.aspx?class_no=25&level_no=1&doc_no=8113
30. 念裕祥(2009)。桃園市，國立體育大學教練研究所。