《列女傳‧孽嬖傳》徵實與考異

An Empirical Research on ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂ of the Book Lie-Nyu Zhuan

黃羽璿(Yu-Hsuan Huang)

《列女傳》 ； 孽嬖 ； 劉向 ； 繆姜 ； 宣姜 ； 東郭姜 ； Lie-Nyu Zhuan ； Nie Bie ； Liu Xiang ； Mu Jiang ； Xuan Jiang ； Dong Guo Jiang

臺北大學中文學報

19期（2016 / 03 / 01）

153 - 166

繁體中文

本文旨在論考《列女傳．孽嬖傳》所載諸女作為與史實之對應關係，並從此中差異，揭指編撰者對歷史之新詮及改造，藉以見其用心。全文分別論述衛宣公姜、魯宣繆姜、齊東郭姜。據〈孽嬖傳〉所載，宣姜欲立其子，故計殺太子，終使衛亂，然傳文刻意略去衛宣公於此中之作為，並盡數轉嫁給宣姜，使其成為不折不扣之孽嬖，成功塑造「女禍亂國」之形象。繆姜私通僑如，欲去季、孟，事終不成，遂遷東宮，罷老至死；繆姜單以此事入傳，頗悖名實，蓋其身歷三君，貴為國母，或論名實，或觀行止，皆同傳諸女所不及，以孽嬖稱，堪為失載。東郭姜者，大夫之妻，齊君通焉，終遭殺厄；惟弒君者實崔杼，且籌議甚久，非一朝之怒，私通之事，不過表面理由。據本文所述，可知〈孽嬖傳〉立意明確，即禍國殃民，必女子所為，故傳文可以罔顧史實，自作異說，以收勸戒天子之效。

The paper aims to investigate the historical events documented in the chapter ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂ of the book Lie-Nyu Zhuan, and makes an empirical research on the historical events, evaluating its differences between the original version and the reedited version. The article discusses the three characters respectively, Wife of King Xuan of Wei, Wife of Duke Huan of Lu, and Wife of Duke Dong Guo of Qi. According to ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂, Wife of King Xuan of Wei wanted to make her son the king, so she conspired to murder the crown prince, and thus resulted in the upheaval in Wei. However, based on the statement in ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂, the editor purposely ignored King Xuan of Wei’s deeds and imputed the crime on Hsuan Jiang, which had made her a completely ＂Nie Bie＂, and depicted the image that women brought disasters to the state. Wife of Duke Huan of Lu committed adultery with Qiao Run and planned to assassin Ji and Meng but failed in the end. Therefore, she was forced to move to Dong Gong and lived her rest of life. In ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂, the document only stated her act of adultery. Compared with other women in ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂, Wife of Duke Huan of Lu’s behavior was really outrageous and without any moral sense for she had served three kings. As the mother of the king, no other queens in ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂ were worse than her. As for Wife of Duke Dong Guo of Qi, she was originally the wife of one of the senior officers but she had an affair with the king. The document stated that the reason of the king’s death was for the adultery between Wife of Duke Dong Guo of Qi and himself. However, it was Cui Zhu who had conspired for a long time to murder the king. The adultery was nothing but an excuse. In conclusion, the paper argued that the theme of ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂ is that it must be women who brought disasters to the state. And the statements of ＂Nie-Bi Zhuan＂ may not conform to the truth, but it served as a lesson for the king.

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