何謂古典博物學，今當如何重構建——《中華博物通考》總說

張述錚

博物學 ； 名物學 ； 道器說 ； 巴黎宣言 ； 民胞物與 ； 人間正道

臺北大學中文學報

32期（2022 / 09 / 01）

309 - 347

繁體中文;英文

本文以中華民族所創造所關涉的浩博實物為研究主體，起於遠古，達於今世，其內容包括天地生殖、木果穀蔬、獸畜禽鳥、水族蟲豸，直至國法朝制、禮儀風俗、衣食住行、農耕漁獵、雕繪樂舞、醫藥健身等，力探其淵源流變，展現其形貌、功用及古今的異同，如此橫涉自然、社會等多種學科，形成中華獨有的物態文化百科全書，從而構建中國獨有的古典博物學。中華古典博物學凝聚了中華民族的深層記憶，積澱了偉大的民族精神和傳統文化的精髓，是中華民族生生不息、長盛不衰的文化基因，也是中華傳統文化內動力、凝聚力的重要源泉。在中國當代，中華古典博物學已成冷門絕學，深入挖掘中華博物文化和歷史遺存背後蘊含的哲學思想、人文精神、價值理念、道德規範等，對於推動中華優秀傳統文化創造性轉化、創新性發展，增進文化自信，弘揚、創建文化大國、文化強國，對於實踐莊重的巴黎宣言，緩解21世紀以來世界範圍內的天災人禍，皆有重大意義。

In this paper, according to the objects created by the Chinese nation as the research subject, from ancient times, as for the present, its content includes heaven and earth, reproduction, fruits, grains and vegetables, fish and worms, aquatic insects, even national laws and the system of the imperial court, etiquette and customs, clothing, food, housing and transportation, farming and fishing, sculpture, painting, music and dance, medicine and fitness, efforts to explore its origin and development and evolution, showing its appearance, role and the similarities and differences between ancient and modern, like this across many natural sciences, social sciences and other disciplines, the formation of China's unique material form of culture encyclopedia, so as to build unique Chinese classical natural history. Chinese classical natural history embodies the deep memory of the Chinese nation, the great national spirit and the essence of traditional culture. It is the cultural gene of the Chinese nation's endless growth and enduring prosperity, and an important source of internal power and cohesion of traditional Chinese culture. In contemporary China, the Chinese classical natural history has become a special-interest and unpopular discipline, dig deeper into the museum contains the philosophy behind the cultural and historical heritage, the humanistic spirit, values, ethics, etc., to promote Chinese excellent traditional culture creative transformation, innovative development, promote the cultural confidence, to carry forward, creating a cultural power, cultural power, for the practice of the Paris declaration, Alleviating the natural and man-made disasters in the 21st century is of great significance.