《史記．梁孝王世家》析論

Analysis and Discussion of the Section about the Family of King Xiao of Liang in the Historical Records by Sima Qian

黃世錦(Huang, Shi-jin)

《史記》 ； 《漢書》 ； 梁孝王 ； 劉武 ； 漢景帝 ； Historical Records by Sima Qian ； Book of Han ； King Xiao of Liang ； Liu Wu ； Emperor Jing of Han

臺北大學中文學報

33期（2023 / 03 / 01）

283 - 339

繁體中文;英文

《史記．梁孝王世家》，記述了梁孝王與漢景帝昆弟間，貌合神離，勃谿蕭牆，複雜劇烈，皇位繼承權鬥爭傾軋。全文將本傳相關史事內涵，析為6點予論述：一、竇太后對漢景帝的親情宰制；二、梁王在平叛中竭力捍蔽中央；三、景帝欺弟的負疚心理與補償作為；四、廢嫡改立致梁王野心再度滋起；五、太后維護掣肘使景帝投鼠忌器；六、漢室藉機削弱梁國冠冕手段。結語經〈梁孝王世家〉深入解析，《史記》相關篇章「互見」線索，《漢書．賈鄒枚路傳》的印證發明，將全文歸納總結為3點：一、兄弟鬩牆失和，責任多在漢景帝；二、梁王因太后故，終未舉兵篡皇位；三、劉武憂懼而死，肇因劉榮之前鑑。冀透過相關問題探索釐清，明晰七國之亂後，中央裁抑諸侯王政策下，梁王權力未被限縮，威儀排場反「擬於天子」、心懷憂懼怨恚，在惴慄不安下，最終染恙而死，長期心理壓力因素等；藉由昆弟間爾虞我詐，政治博奕與角力較勁，豁顯漢室宮闈內鬥現實殘酷，從而領略史公其諷喻微旨。

The Section about the Family of King Xiao of Liang in the Historical Records by Sima Qian is an account of the fierce and complex relationship between King Xiao of Liang and his brother (Emperor Jing of Han), which is characterized by a combination of courtly infighting, family quarrels, succession struggles, and mutual gression. The entire text analyses and discusses the relevant historical events of this biographical section in six points. (1)The affectionate domination of Emperor Jing of Han by Empress Dowager Dou. (2)King of Liang's efforts to defend the center during the rebellion. (3)The guilt of Emperor Jing in deceiving his younger brother and the act of compensation. (4)The abolition of the throne, which led to a resurgence of ambition on the part of the King of Liang. (5)The constraint of Empress Dowager Dou, who made Emperor Jing of Han fearful. (6)The means by which the Han dynasty took the opportunity to weaken the crown of Liang. The concluding remarks include an in-depth analysis of The Family of King Xiao of Liang, clues that corroborate each other from the relevant chapters of the Historical Records by Sima Qian, and the corroboration and discoveries from The Book of Han, Jia Zou Mei Lu. The text is summarized in three points: 1. Most of the blame for the breakdown in brotherhood lies with Emperor Jing of Han. 2. The King of Liang did not raise an army to usurp the throne because of the Empress Dowager. 3. Liu Wu (The King of Liang) died of fear, because of Liu Rong. By exploring and clarifying the relevant issues, we can understand why, after the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms", the power of the King of Liang was not curtailed despite the central government's policy to abolish and suppress the lord kings, and why the king's majesty and pomp were "comparable to that of the emperor". It is also an opportunity to analyze and understand the psychological factors that led to the King of Liang's death from disease over his fear and resentment and prolonged anxiety. The political rivalry and competition between brothers reveals the struggle and cruelty within the Han court, thus allowing one to appreciate Sima Qian's metaphorical subtleties.

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