比利時族群衝突與政治危機

Ethnic Conflict and Political Crisis in Belgium

10.7071/EJIR.200907.0001

劉華宗(Hua-Tsung Liu)

比利時 ； 族群衝突 ； 分裂 ； 政治危機 ； Belgium ； ethnic conflict ； split ； political crisis

歐洲國際評論

5期（2009 / 07 / 01）

1 - 38

繁體中文

2007年6月比利時國會選舉之後，歷經數個月無法組成聯合政府，引起國際媒體紛紛報導比利時瀕臨國家分裂危機。本文將回溯比利時族群衝突的背景與發展，並擇要探討上個世紀為化解族群衝突所做的制度性安排。然後再從政治文化、民調數據、政治現實、經濟發展、國際因素、政治制度等因素加以分析，說明比利時雖有族群衝突的事實，並因此經常陷入政治危機當中，但離國家南北分裂的危機，則尚有相當大距離。

Although it has been over months after national elections in Belgium, those political leaders have failed to form a government, stymied by age-old rivalries between the Dutch and French speaking ethnic communities. Is Belgium on the brink of the split? This essay contains four sections of discussions. First, it describes the background and progress of ethnic conflict in this country. Second, it reviews the institution of constitutional reform to mitigate the ethnic conflict. Third, it discusses the ethnic problems derived from constitutional reform. Finally, it analyzes the political impasse through political, economic, cultural, international factors. The present situation isn't a split crisis, but a political crisis.

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