旅行業經營模式要素結合退休人力再運用之研究

The study on retiree's competency re-use in the travel agent business model

陳建和(Chien-Ho Chen)；陳孟崙(Meng-Lun Chen)

經營模式 ； 退休族群 ； 人力再用 ； Business model ； Retiree ； Human resource

觀光旅遊研究學刊

12卷1期（2017 / 06 / 01）

75 - 86

繁體中文

隨著醫療發達和人民健康意識抬頭，加上國人平均餘命延長，以及退休歲月增長。此外，人口老化、銀髮族生活、勞動力不足及人力再用可能性已成為政府及民間相關單位關注的議題。本研究先以文獻探討，再採以訪談法。本研究訪談退休族群和旅行業業者二類，共計20 位。目的在探討旅行業及退休族群人力再用，增加退休族群返回職場可能。研究結果顯示，一、退休族群返回職場意願顯示於心理、個人專業能力在旅行業職務之運用、返回職場方式、個人特質、就業地點及福利五項因素；二、旅行業業者有意願配合政府推行退休族群人力再用相關政策。

Advanced medical development and people's raised health awareness have made human lifespan longer than before. Retirement period has also been prolonged as people stay healthy longer. Thus, the aging population, the life of seniors, the insufficient labor force and the reuse of man power have become issues for the government and related organizations. This study conducted a literature review before recruiting 20 participants for semi-structured interviews. The participants were either retirees or from the travel industry. The findings show that there are five factors that determine whether retirees will return to workplace: the psychological factor, the use of personal professional skills in travel industry, the way of returning to work place, personal traits, the location of the workplace and benefits. The findings also reveal the willingness of travel agencies in corporation with the government's policies on manpower reuse.

1. 高淑清(2001)。在美華人留學生太太的生活世界-詮釋與反思。本土心理學研究，16，225-285。
   連結：
2. 張宏生,曾建銘(2008)。台灣旅行業關鍵成功因素之初探。臺灣觀光學報，5，17-31。
   連結：
3. Boudiny, K.,Mortelmans, D.(2011).A critical perspective: Towards a broader understanding of active ageing.Electronic Journal of Applied Psychology,7(1),8-14.
4. Boyce, C.,Neale, P.(2006).Monitoring and Evaluation - 2. Pathfinder internationalMonitoring and Evaluation - 2. Pathfinder international,未出版
5. Braun, V.,Clarke, V.(2006).Using thematic analysis in psychology.Qualitative Research in Psychology,3(2),77-101.
6. Dohm, A.(2000).Gauging the labor force effects of retiring baby-boomers.Monthly Labor Review,123(7),17-25.
7. Floor, S.(2007).Knowledge management among the older workforce.Journal of Knowledge Management,11(4),82-96.
8. Frow, P.,Payne, A.(2009).Customer relationship management: A strategic perspective.Journal of Business Market Management,3(1),7-27.
9. Hamel, G.(2000).Leading the revolution.Boston:Harvard Business School.
10. Henretta, J. C.(2000).The future of age integration in employment.The Gerontologist,40(3),286-292.
11. Jennifer, F.,Eimear, M. C.(2006).Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development.International Journal of Qualitative Methods,5(1),1-11.
12. Kolb, S. M.(2012).Grounded theory and the constant comparative method: Valid research strategies for educators.Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies,3(1),83-86.
13. Osterwalder, A.,Pigneur, Y.(2010).Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers.America:John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
14. Osterwalder, A.,Pigneur, Y.,Tucci, C. L.(2005).Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept.Communications of The Association for Information Systems,15,1-25.
15. Patrickson, M.,Ranzijn, R.(2005).Workforce ageing: The challenges for 21st century management.International Journal of Organizational Behavior,10(4),729-739.
16. Pepin, G.,Deutscher, B.(2011).The lived experience of Australian retirees: I'm retired, what do i do now?.British Journal of Occupational Therapy,74(9),419-426.
17. Petrovic, O.,Kittl, C.,Tekstenc, R.(2001).,未出版
18. Regan, W. J.(1963).The service revolution.The Journal of Marketing,27,57-62.
19. Taylor, M. A.,Doverspike, D.(2003).Retirement planning and preparation.Retirement: reasons, processes, and results,New York:
20. Thurmond, V. A.(2001).The point of triangulation.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,21(1),253-258.
21. Timmers, P.(1998).Business models for electronic markets.International journal of electric markets,8(2),3-8.
22. Walker, A.(2002).A strategy for active ageing.International Social Security Review,55,121-139.
23. Willie, P. A.,Jayawardena, C.,Laver, B.(2008).Attracting and retaining quality human resources for Niagara’s hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,20(3),293-301.
24. World Health Organization, Task Force on the Ageing and life-course. (2012). Report of the WHO task force on the global brief for world health day. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70853/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2012.2_eng.pdf
25. World Travel and Tourism Council. (2015). Travel & tourism economic impact 2015 Taiwan. Retrieved from https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/regional%202015/world2015.pdf.
26. 內政部（2014）。第十次國民生命表（民國98年-100年）。臺北市：內政部。
27. 交通部觀光局（2015）。發展觀光條例。臺北市：交通部觀光局。
28. 交通部觀光局(1996).旅行業從業人員基礎訓練教材.臺北市:交通部觀光局.
29. 行政院主計總處（2014）。中高齡工作歷程調查。臺北市：行政院主計總處。
30. 行政院主計總處（2011）。中老年就業狀況調查。臺北市：行政院主計總處。
31. 行政院主計總處（2014）。103受僱員工動向調查。臺北市：行政院主計總處。
32. 勞動力發展署(2013)。勞動力發展署（2013）。職能分析方法簡介。臺北市：財團法人工業技術研究院。