高圍籬，難睦鄰

High Fences Do Not Make Good Neighbours

梅沙悟德．荷穆達尼(Messaoud Romdhani)；鄭亘良(Cheng, Ted)

移民 ； 偷渡 ； 突尼西亞 ； 歐洲 ； 移動夥伴關係（Mobility Partnership） ； 保安化（Securitisation）

台灣文學研究

12期（2017 / 06 / 01）

51+53 - 59

繁體中文

為了打擊非常態移民（irregular migration），歐盟採取所謂「歐洲堡壘」（Fortress Europe）的政策，實行更嚴格的邊境管制，並在地中海一帶增加軍事武力邊防。這類措施並不能減少移民歐洲的人數，反而造成這些移民承受更大的負擔，並更加依賴猖狂的偷渡組織，他們的死亡率也更高。荷穆達尼在這篇評論中簡要地指出「歐盟－突尼西亞移動夥伴關係」（the European Union-Tunisia Mobility Partnership）與「歐盟移民議程」（the European Agenda on Migration）不僅無法阻止由北非來到歐洲的非常態移民，也無法減少他們在地中海喪命的死亡率。荷穆達尼認為，將非常態移民與因偷渡而溺斃的問題歸咎於偷渡業者，其實忽略了這些移民之所作出這個他們人生中最重要決定的主要推力。這種譴責的論調，也轉移了歐洲各政府應該對每年幾千名在地中海溺斃死亡的移民所負起的責任。

1. "Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee OF The Regions-A European Agenda On Migration-COM(2015) 240," European Commission, May 13, 2015, accessed May 23, 2016, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/communication_on_the_european_agenda_on_migration_en.pdf , p.14
2. "EU and Tunisia establish their Mobility Partnership," European Commission, March 3, 2014, accessed May 23, 2016, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-208_en.htm
3. "Watery deathtrap: Mediterranean migration routes to EU killing 10s of 1,000s over decades," RT News. September 13, 2015. accessed May 23, 2016, https://www.rt.com/news/315202-deadly-mediterranean-migration-routes/.
4. "Déclaration conjointe pour ie Partenariat de Mobilité entre la Tunisie, l'Union Européenne et ses Etats Membres Participants," preamble, page 2, European Commission, accessed May 23, 2016, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/documents/policies/international-affairs/general/docs/declaration_conjointe_tunisia_eu_mobility_fr.pdf
5. "Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response-Mediterranean," The UN Refugee Agency, accessed May 23, 2016, http://data.unhc.org/mediterranean/regional.php
6. “A/HRC/23/46/Add.1 para. 60-65," United Nations, May 3, 2013, accessed May 23, 2016, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/libe/dv/16add_ tunisia_/16add_ tunisia_en.pdf
7. “Appel À Souctiens! La Mobilisation A Commencé! Première Action Du 1er Au 19 Juiller Dans Le Canal De Sicile." Lacimade, April 2012, accessed May 23, 2016, http://www.lacimade.org/wp-concent/uploads/2012/04/boats4people_newsletter1.pdf
8. "European Agenda on Migration-Why a new European Agenda on Migration?," European Commission, October 29, 2015, accessed May 23, 2016, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/index_en.htm
9. "Tunisia-EU Mobility Partnership," EuroMed Rights, March 17, 2014, accessed May 23, 2016, http://euromedrights.org/publication/tunisia-eu-mobility-partnership/
10. Sergio Carrera, "Whose European Agenda on Migration?." CEPS, May 28, 2015, accessed May 23, 2016. https://www.ceps.eu/content/whose-european-agenda-migration
11. de Haas, Hein,Sigona, Nando(2012).Migration and revolution.Forced Migration Review,39,4.
12. Jeremy Fryd,"OECD Report: Youth Unemployment in Tunisia 'A True Social Tragedy'”. Tunisia Live, March 12, 2015, accessed May 23, 2016, http://www.tunisia-live.net/2015/03/12/oecd-report-youth-unemployment in-tunisia-a-true-social-tragedy/.
13. Cecilia Malmström, "Tragic accident outside Lampedusa: Statement by European Commissioner for Home Affairs. "European Commission, October 3, 2013, accessed May 23, 2016, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-849_en.htm
14. Naaer,Katharina(2015).,Migration Policy Institute.
15. Pouessel, Stéphanie.,European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.