多感官環境對重度與多重障礙者教育之初探

The Explore of Multi-Sensory Environment for People with Severe/Profound Disabilities

10.6502/SEF.2008.5.1-13

李淑玲(Shwu-Ling Lee)

多感官環境 ； 重度障礙 ； Multi-Sensory Environment ； Snoezlen ； people with severe/profound disabilities

特教論壇

5期（2008 / 12 / 01）

1 - 13

繁體中文

多感官環境(Multi-Sensory Environment)就是著名的Snoezlen，在環境中提供視覺、聽覺、嗅覺與觸覺等感官的刺激，在特殊教育領域中建構休閒與治療的目的，期盼能讓重度與多重障礙學生變成主動的學習者，而非被動的知識接受者。本文從多感官環境的起源、重要性、設施、設計原則、評估與課程設計及相關文獻對重度障礙兒童的應用多感官環境做初步的探索，爲重度障礙兒童的教師提供建議與參考。

Multi-Sensory Environment, known as Snoezelen, is an approach aiming to stimulate the senses through the provision of visual, auditory, olfactory and tactile stimuli. It establishes leisure or therapeutics in the special education area and can help children with severe disabilities to become active learners, rather than passive recipients of knowledge. This article looks at the definition of MSE, its history, philosophy, design and construction, assessment, principle of curriculum development and its strength and limitation. Some suggestions for teachers who are specializing in addressing the educational needs of students with severe disabilities were also provided.

1. Ashby, M.,Lindsay, W. R.,Pithcaithly, D.,Broxholme, S.,Geelen, N.(1995).Snoezelen: Its effects on concentration and responsiveness in people with profound multiple handicaps.British Journal of Occupational Therapy,53,303-307.
2. Barker, R.,Holloway, J.,Holtkamp, C. M.,Larsson, A.,Hartman, L. C.,Pearce, R.,Scherman, B.,Johansson, S.,Thomas, W.,Wareing, L. A.,Owens, M.(2003).Effects of multi-sensory stimulation for people with dementia.Journal of Advanced Nursing,43(5),465-477.
3. Bower, H. M.(1969).Sensory stimulation and the treatment of senile dementia.The Medical Journal of Australia,1,1113-1119.
4. Cunningham, C. C.,Hutchison, R.,Kewin, J.,R. Hutchinson, (eds.)(1991).The Whittington Hall SnoezelenProject.Chesterfield:North Derbyshire Bealth Authority.
5. de Bunsen, A.,R. Hutchison (eds.),J. Kewin (eds.)(1994).Snoezelen and Disabilities: Sensory Environments for Leisure, Snoezelen, Education and Therapy.Chesterfield:Rompa.
6. Dorchester Curriculum Group(2002).Towards a Curriculum for All: A practical guide for developing an inclusive curriculum for pupils attaining significantly below age-related expectations.London:David Fulton.
7. Gallaher, M.,Balson. M.,Hutchison, R. (eds.),Kewin, J. (eds.)(1994).Snoezelen and Disabilities: Sensory Environments for Leisure, Snoezelen, Education and Therapy.Chesterfield:Rompa.
8. Glenn, S.,Cunningham, C.,Shorrock, A.,N. Bozic (eds.),H. Murdoch (eds.)(1996).Learning Through Interaction: Technology and Children with Multiple Disabilities.London:David Fulton.
9. Haggar, H. E.,R., Hutchison (eds.),J. Kewin, (eds.)(1994).Snoezelen and Disabilities: Sensory Environments for Leisure, Snoezelen, Education and Therapy.Chesterfield:Rompa.
10. Hirstwood, Richard (ed.),D. Etheridge (ed.)(1995).The educating of dual sensory impaired children: Recognizing and developing ability.London:David Fulton.
11. Hotz, G. A.,Castelblanco, A.,Lara, I. M.,Weiss, A. D.,Duncan, R.,Kuluz, J. W.(2006).Snoezelen: A controlled multi-sensory stimulation therapy for children recovering from severe brain injury.Brain Injury,20(8),489-888.
12. Hulsegge, J.,Verheul, A.(1987).Snoezelen: Another World.Chesterfield:Rompa.
13. Hutchinson, R.,Kewin, J.(1994).Sensations and Disability: Sensory and Environments for Leisure, Snoezelen, Education and Therapy.Chesterfield:Rempa.
14. Hutchison, R.(1991).The Whittington Hall Snoezelen Project.Chesterfield:North Derbyshire Bealth Authority.
15. Julia, C. M.,Alexandra, M.,Peter, M. M.,Miel, W.,Jozien, M.(2005).Behavioral and mood effects of Snoezelen integrated into 24-hour dementia care.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,53(1),24-33.
16. King, L. J.(1974).A sensory-integrative approach to schizophrenia.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,28,529-536.
17. Lancioni, G. E.,Cuvo, A. J.,O''Reilly, M. F.(2002).Snoezelen: an overview of research with people with developmental learning disabilities and dementia.Disabilities and Rehabilitation,24,175-184.
18. Lancioni, G. E.,Singh, N. N.,O''liva, D.,Basili, G.(2005).An overview of research in increasing indices of happiness of people with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.Disabilities and Rehabilitation,27(3),83-93.
19. Linder,T.(1990).Transdisciplinary Play Based Assessment.Baltimore, MD:Paul H. Brookes.
20. Lindsay, W. R,Black, E.,Broxholme, S.,Pitcaithly, D.,Hornsby, N.(2001).Effects of four therapy procedures on communication in people with profound intellectual disabilities.Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,14,110-119.
21. Loew, C. A.,Silverstone, B. M.(1971).A program of intensified stimulation and response facilitation for the senile aged.Gerontologist,1,341-347.
22. Luetke-Stahlman, B.,Luckner, J.(1991).Effectively Educating Students with Hearing Impairments.New York:Longman.
23. McKenzie, C.(1995).Brightening the lives of elderly through Snoezelen.Elderly Care,7(1)
24. Michele, S.,Raphael, N. M.,Harold, D.,Sgan-Cohen,I E, Shula, P.(2007).Behavioral and physiological effect of dental environment sensory adaptation on children's dental anxiety.European Journal of Oral Sciences,115(6),479-483.
25. Neisworth. J. T.,Bagnato, S. J.,S. L. Odom (eds.),M. B. Karnes (eds.)(1988).Early Intervention for Infants and Children with Handicaps: An Empirical Base.Baltimore, MD:Paul H. Brookes.
26. Pagliano, P. J.(2001).Using a Multisensory Environment: A Practical Guide for Teachers.London:David Fulton.
27. Pagliano, P. J.(1998).The multisensory environment: an open minded space.Bristish Journal of Visual Impairment,16,105-109.
28. Paire, J.,Karney, R.(1984).The effectiveness of sensory stimulation for geopsychiatric inpatients.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,38,505-509.
29. Schofield, P.(1996).Sensory Delights.Nuring Times,92,40-41.
30. van Weert J.C.M.,Janssen, B.M.,van Dulmen,A.M., Spreeuwenberg,P.M.M., Bensing,J.M.,Ribbe, M.W.(2006).Nursing assistants' behavior during morning care: effects of the implementation of Snoezelen, integrated in 24-hour dementia care.Journal of Advanced Nursing,53(6),656-668.
31. Wylie, K.(1993).Report to the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust on innovative practices in dementia care.Canberra:Vincent Fairfax Family Foundation.
32. 李翠玲(2003)。多感官環境對多重障礙教育之啓示與應用。國小特殊教育，36，10-17。
33. 感官教具之運用

1. 李玲玉、何函儒(2017)。多感官音樂活動促進多重障礙幼兒持續注意力與肢體動作之學習成效。特殊教育學報，45，25-54。
2. 李玲玉、何函儒(2018)。聲音光束對特殊需求幼兒溝通與動作發展之影響。教育科學研究期刊，63(3)，69-104。
3. 蕭文翊,林秀錦(2019)。國小特教班教師教育極重度多重障礙學生之困擾與需求。特殊教育學報，50，65-91。
4. 謝協君、張育菁、汪姿伶(2011)。融入教具改造之多感官課程在多重障礙學生課堂專注成效。特教論壇，11，59-73。