應用自我管理策略改善自閉症學童分心行為

Application of Self-Management on Improving Off-Task Behavior in Students with Autism

10.6502/SEF.2011.11.74-81

莊令如(Ling-Ju Chuang)；唐榮昌(Jung-Chang Tang)

自我管理策略 ； 自閉症 ； 分心行為 ； self-management ； Autism ； off-task

特教論壇

11期（2011 / 12 / 01）

74 - 81

繁體中文

自閉症在學習過程中，常出現分心行為而影響學習成效，因此，本文旨在探討自我管理策略於自閉症分心行為的應用，首先介紹自閉症分心行為特徵，與自我管理策略的實施步驟，並分析應用自我管理策略改善自閉症分心行為的相關文獻，發現透過使用自我管理配合視覺與聽覺的提示可以增進介入成效，最後提供實施建議，作為教學應用之參考。

The purpose of the article was to explore the application of self-management to student with autism for improving their off-task behaviors. First, the characteristic of the off-task behaviors in student with autism and the steps of self-management were introduced. Then further analyzed the relevant studies regarding how to improve off-task behaviors in these students, and found that self-management combined with visual/ audible cues could enhance the treatment effects. Finally, suggestion was provided for teachers to implement in the classroom.

1. Allen, G.,Courchesne, E.(2001).Attention function and dysfunction in autism.Frontiers of Bioscience,6,105-119.
2. Brigham, N. B.,Yoder, P. J.,Jarzynka, M. A.,Tapp, J.(2010).The sequential relationship between parent attentional cues and sustained attention to objects in young children with autism.Journal of Autism and Development Disorders,40,200-208.
3. Callahan, K.,Rademacher J. A.(1999).Using self-management strategies to increase the on-task behavior of a student with autism.Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions,1(2),117-122.
4. Cohen, D. J.(Ed.),Volkmar, F. R.(Ed.)(1997).Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders.New York:Wiley.
5. Cooper, J. O.,Heron, T. E.,Heward, W. L.(2007).Applied behavior analysis.Columbus, OH:Pearson.
6. Coyle, C.,Cole, P.(2004).A videotaped self-modelling and self- monitoring treatment program to decrease off-task behavior in children with autism.Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability,29(1),3-15.
7. Ehlers, S.,Nyden, A.,Gillberg, C.,Sandberg, A.,Dahlgren, S.,Hjelmquist, E.,Oden, A.(1997).Asperger syndrome, autism and attention disorder: a comparative study of the cognitive profiles of 120 children.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,38,207-217.
8. Garretson, H. B.,Fein, D.,Waterhouse, L.(1990).Sustained attention in children with autism.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,20(1),101-114.
9. Graham, P.,Turk, J.,Verhulst, F.(1999).Child psychiatry: a developmental approach.New York:Oxford University Press.
10. Hattori, J.,Ogino, T.,Abiru, K.,Nakano, K.,Oka, M.,Ohtsuka, Y.(2006).Are pervasive developmental disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder distinct disorders?.Brain and Development,28(6),371-374.
11. Holifield, C.,Goodman, J.,Hazelkorn, M.,Heflin, L. J.(2010).Using Self-Monitoring to Increase Attending to Task and Academic Accuracy in Children with Autism.Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities,25,230-238.
12. Koegel, L. K.,Singh A. K.,Koegel R. L.(2010).Improving motivation for academics in children with autism.Journal of Autism and Development Disorders,40,1057-1066.
13. Lee, S. H.,Simpson, R. L.,Shogren, K. A.(2007).Effects and implications of self-management for students with: A meta-analysis.Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabilities,22,2-13.
14. Pierce, K.,Courchesne, E.(2001).Evidence for a cerebellar role in reduced exploration and stereotyped behavior in autism.Biological Psychiatry,49,655-664.
15. Rafferty, L. A.(2010).Step-by-Step: Teaching Students to Self-Monitor.Teaching Exceptional Children,43(2),50-58.
16. Schatz, A. M.,Weimer A. K.,Trauner D. A.(2002).Brief report: Attention differences in Asperger syndrome.Journal of Autism and Development Disorders,32,333-336.
17. Tabor, T. A.,Seltzer, A.,Heflin, L. J.,Albert, P. A.(1999).Use of self- operated auditory prompts to decrease off-task behavior for a student with autism and moderate mental retardation.Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities,14(3),159-167.
18. Todd, T.,Reid, G.(2006).Increasing physical activity in individuals with autism.Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabilities,21,167-176.
19. Wilkinson, L. A.(2005).Supporting the inclusion of a student with Asperger syndrome: A case study using conjoint behavioural consultation and self-management.Educational Psychology in Practice,21(4),307-326.
20. 宋維村(2000)。特殊教育學生輔導手冊（六）：自閉症學生輔導手冊。教育部特殊教育工作小組。
21. 黃金源(2004)。自閉兒的認知變異及教育對策。特殊教育叢書9301
22. 楊蕢芬(2004)。自閉症學生之教育。台北:心理。

1. 蔡淑妃、陳佩玉(2015)。班級層級功能本位介入小組方案（CW-FIT）的內涵與應用。特教論壇，19，24-34。