题名

性別化制度下女性勞動者慣習:以新店某跨國電子廠爲例

并列篇名

Habitus of Female Workers under Engendering Institution: A Case Study of a Multinational Electronic Plant in Sindian

DOI

10.30174/JSS.201106.0004

作者

姜貞吟(Chen-Yin Chiang)

关键词

女性勞動者 ; 性別化制度 ; 慣習 ; Female Workers ; Engendering Institution ; Habitus

期刊名称

國家與社會

卷期/出版年月

10期(2011 / 06 / 01)

页次

163 - 206

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

過去的勞動研究顯示,從求職開始到應徵、雇用,乃至於離職,性別勞動結果的差異性出現在工作生涯中各個階段。例如在雇用階段,性別化職業或職務隔離就已經出現,職業的分流又會影響女性後來的陞遷機會,擴大兩性間的薪資差距;而且,性別化的操作是鑲嵌在組織日常的運轉過程之中,性別意識型態除了區隔兩性在家務工作的分工,也區隔兩性在勞動職場的分工,女性被視為勞動市場的暫時性與補充性勞力。然而,這種性別意識型態尚未因為女性整體勞動參與率的提高、許多女性的長期投入、或是得以進入男性主導的職業和產業而有所改變。本研究以新店某跨國電子廠為例,要嘗試瞭解的正是勞動者在勞動市場中遇到性別化問題的主觀意識、處理態度與實際活動,也就是她們日常生活的生存慣習與行動實踐,目的在於探討勞動者本身對於性別化操作的認知、內化、或反抗,並以Pierre Bourdieu的慣習及場域等概念為基礎,試圖同時探究勞動者心態與行動在現有結構下的運作方式。本研究從性別象徵秩序的區隔、安定的生存慣習、管漏內/外三方面分析女性勞動者如何看待及詮釋制度化性別操作對於勞動過程和待遇的影響,並同時呈現性別化的操作如何可能,亦即如何被勞動者所內化,及反抗的痕跡。

英文摘要

Previous studies have indicated that experiences at every phase of a person's working career are influenced by engendering. For example, at the hiring stage, engendering or job segregation leads to the diminishing of a woman's promotion opportunities. Besides, this gendering process is embedded in the daily processes of an organization at such a deep level that not only are jobs within segregated but also the nature of the work available. For example, women are much more likely to be considered only for temporary or supplemental labor when compared to men. The increase in women's participation in the labor market and especially in male dominated professions has only served to exacerbate the situation. This is a study of the subjective awareness's, handling attitudes and behaviors when encountering engendered situations of workers in a multinational plant in Sindian. The research utilizes Pierre Bourdieu's theory of habitus in order to explore workers recognition, internalization and resistance towards an engendered operation. The aim of the research is to assess traces of resistances and internalizations of procedures present in the mindsets of female workers in order to understand the perceived level of engendering present in their company.

主题分类 社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
社會科學 > 社會學
参考文献
  1. 王宏仁(2004)。他者論述、管理實務與在地抵抗:以越南台商工廠為例。東南亞季刊,1(12),37-64。
    連結:
  2. 王宏仁(2004)。他者論述、管理實務與在地抵抗:以越南台商工廠為例。東南亞季刊,1(12),37-64。
    連結:
  3. 夏曉鵑(2000)。資本國際化下的國際婚姻—以台灣的「外籍新娘」現象為例。台灣社會研究季刊,39,45-92。
    連結:
  4. 趙彥寧(2006)。情感政治與另類正義:在台大陸配偶的社會運動經驗。政治與社會哲學評論,16,87-152。
    連結:
  5. 嚴祥鸞(1998)。性別關係建構的科技職場。婦女與兩性學刊,9,187-204。
    連結:
  6. Acker, Joan(1990).Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations.Gender and Society,4(2),139-158.
  7. Acker, Joan(1998).The Future of 'Gendering and Organizations': Connections and Boundaries.Gender, Work and Organizations,5(4),195-206.
  8. Acker, Joan.,Van Houten, D. R.(1974).Differential Recruitment and Control: The Sex Structuring of Organizations.Administrative Science Quarterly,19(2),152-163.
  9. Adkins, Lisa(ed.),Merchant, Vicki(ed.)(1996).Sexualizing the Social.New York:St. Martin's Press.
  10. Bartol, Katheryn M.(1976).Relationship of Sex and Professional Training Area to Job Orientation.Journal of Applied Psychology,61,368-370.
  11. Bielby, William,Baron, James(1986).Men and Women at Work: Sex Segregation and Statistical Discrimination.American Journal of Sociology,91(4),759-799.
  12. Bonnewitz, Patrice(1997).Première Leçons sur la Sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu.France:Presses Universitaires de France.
  13. Bonnewitz, Patrice、孫智綺譯(2002)。布赫迪厄社會學的第一課。台北:麥田。
  14. Bonnewitz, Patrice、陶東風譯(2006)。文化與權力─布爾迪厄的社會學。上海:譯文出版社。
  15. Bourdieu, Pierre(1998).La Domination Masculine.Paris:Seuil.
  16. Bourdieu, Pierre(2000).Equisse d'une Théorie de la Pratique.Paris:Editions du Seuil.
  17. Bourdieu, Pierre(2002).Quesitons de Sociologie.Paris:Editions de Minuit.
  18. Burawoy, Michael(1979).Manufacturing Consent:Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism.Chicago:The University of Chicago.
  19. Clegg, Stewart R.(ed.),Hardy, Cynthia(ed.),Nord, Walter R.(ed.)(1996).Handbook of Organizational Studies.Palo Alto, CA:Sage.
  20. Collins, Jane L.(2002).Mapping a Global Labor Market : Gender and Skill in the Globalizing Garment Industry.Gender and Society,16(6),921-940.
  21. Gramsci, Antonio(1971).Selections from Prison Notebooks.New York:International Publishers.
  22. Hess, Beth B.(ed.),Ferree, Myra Marx(ed.)(1987).Analyzing Gender: A Handbook of Social Science Research.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  23. Land, Hilary(1980).The Family Wage.Feminist Review,6,55-77.
  24. Le Goff, Jacques(1991).Pour un Autre Moyen Age: Temps, Travail et Culture en Occident.Gallimard.
  25. Lee, Ching Kwan(1998).Gender and the South China Miracle: Two Worlds of Factory Women.Berkeley:University of California Press.
  26. Lin, Chung-Cheng(1989).Occupational Segregation between Sexes in Taiwan.Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy,2,155-175.
  27. Mills, Albert J.(ed.),Tancres, Peta(ed.)(1992).Gendering Organizational Theory.London:Sage.
  28. Ong, Aihwa(1987).Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline: Factory Women in Malaysia.Albany:State University of New York Press.
  29. Paul, Kecskemeti(ed)(1952).Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge.London:Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  30. Reed, Michael,Hughes, Michael(1992).Rethink ing Organization: New Directions in Organization Theory and Analysis.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
  31. Reskin, Barbara F.(2000).Getting it Right: Sex and Race Inequality in Work Organizations.Annual Review of Sociology,26,707-709.
  32. Reskin, Barbara F.(ed.)(1984).Sex Segregation in the Workplace: Trends, Explanations, Remedies.Washington, D.C:National Academy Press.
  33. Reskin, Barbara F.(ed.)(1984).Sex Segregation in the Workplace: Trends, Explanations, Remedies.Washington, D.C.:National Academy Press.
  34. Rofel, Lisa(1999).Other Modernities: Gendered Yearnings in China after Socialism.Berkeley:University of California Press.
  35. Savage, Mike(ed.),Witz, Anne(ed.)(1992).Gender and Bureaucracy.Oxford:Blackwell.
  36. Schuler, Randall S.(1975).Sex, Organizational Level and Outcome Importance: Where the Differences Are.Personnel Psychology,28,365-375.
  37. Scott, James C.(1990).Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcript.New Haven, CT:Yale University Press.
  38. Scott, Schieman(2006).Gender, Dimensions of Work, and Supportive Coworker Relations.The Sociological Quarterly,47(2),195-214.
  39. Stomberg, A. H.(ed.),Larwood, L.(ed.),Gutek, B. A.(ed.)(1987).Women and Work: An Annual Review.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  40. Swartz, David(1997).Culture and Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu.Chicago The University of Chicago Press.
  41. Thompson, E. P.(1963).The Making of the English Working Class.London:Penguin.
  42. 上野千鶴子、劉靜貞譯、洪金珠譯(1997)。父權體制與資本主義:馬克思主義之女性主義。台北:時報文化。
  43. 王素彎、連文榮(1989)。台灣地區勞動市場的性別歧視。台灣銀行季刊,40,363-381。
  44. 艾琳達(1998)。激盪!台灣反對運動總批判。台北:前衛出版。
  45. 何明修、黃郁軒(2007)。黨國體制中的工人:糖廠工人的支配與抵抗。2007台灣社會學年會,台北:
  46. 呂玉瑕(2009)。家庭存活策略與女性勞動參與選擇:以台灣家庭企業婦女為例。台灣社會學刊,42,95-141。
  47. 張苙雲(2004)。科層勞動市場之兩性職等差距。台灣社會學刊,32(1),149-187。
  48. 張苙雲(1988)。行政組織內的個人事業生涯發展。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,66,1-30。
  49. 張晉芬(1999)。由「勞工貴族」到「閒置人員」:對省營客運員工大規模資遣原因和過程的分析。公營事業評論,1(2),107-133。
  50. 張晉芬(2005)。當收入只能餬口: 從性別主流化觀點檢視就業政策。第一屆性別研究與公共政策學術研討會,台北:
  51. 張晉芬(1993)。企業組織中升遷機會的決定及員工的期望:兼論內部勞動市場理論的應用。人文及社會科學集刊,6(1),205-230。
  52. 張晉芬(2002)。找回文化:勞動市場中制度與結構的性別化過程。台灣社會學刊,29,97-125。
  53. 陳信行(2002)。就業、傳播與第一代工人階級生活網路的建立:新店地區1970-1990。傳播與社群發展學術研討會,台北:
  54. 焦興鎧編(1996)。歐美兩性工作平等制度之比較研究。台北:中央研究院歐美研究所。
  55. 黃富三(1977)。女工與台灣工業化。台北:牧童出版社。
  56. 葉啟政(2006)。進出「結構─行動」的困境。台北:三民。
  57. 熊瑞梅、周顏玲(2000)。性別化的組織:工廠員工工作聘僱、安排與陞遷。新世紀、新社會、科技、勞動與福利研討會,台北:
  58. 劉毓秀編(1995)。台灣婦女處境白皮書—1995年。台北:時報文化。