英文摘要
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Yang-ming has a simple and authentic style of teaching, directly, on one hand, referring to what scholars must practice, and on the other hand, reflecting his philosophical rationality of "jingyi"(精一). This presents itself in Yang-ming's propositions, which are two directions with the same meaning implied. One is the present self pointing to an ideal self; the other is the orientation of an individual and the other. These two pointing directions exist originally as double meanings contained in the mind. They may be a hidden ideal or in the present form. In theory, this is seen as the relationship between ontology and obstacles. This understanding of evil also indicates the theoretical significance of individuality fully responsible for one's self. In other words, the moment when one sees selfish desire, it is the opportunity to see the conscience, because obstacles (selfish desire) and the obstructed (ontology) are simultaneously perceived. An individual's ability to see obstacles (selfish desire) reveals at the same time his ability to see ontology. This unveils the core of Yang-ming philosophy, which leads to a process of self-requirement and self-realization. The degree of an individual's understanding of self desires concerns an individual's endless pursuits of ideals - an idea that points to a theory of "jingyi"(精一).
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