男性少年的強暴迷思、遭遇性侵害經驗、與強暴行為

Rape Myths, Sexual Victimization Experiences, and Rape by Male Adolescents

黃軍義(Jiun-Yih Huang)

少年 ； 性侵害循環 ； 強暴 ； 強暴迷思 ； adolescent ； rape ； rape myths ； sexual victim-perpetrator cycle

亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊

12卷2期（2016 / 12 / 01）

33 - 56

繁體中文

國內研究對於少年強暴行為的探討相當有限，而西方研究對於強暴迷思與少年強暴行為關聯的探討迄今並沒有肯定的答案，同時缺乏關於強暴迷思在少年性侵害循環中所扮演的角色的探討。綜上之故，本研究探討：（1）強暴迷思與少年強暴行為的關聯；（2）強暴迷思接受度在少年性侵害循環中所扮演的角色。本研究以無記名自陳式問卷調查法蒐集資料。調查對象為新竹、桃園、苗栗、基隆等北部地區的中學男生，共計有效樣本數466 人。研究結果發現，強暴迷思接受度與少年強暴行為有關、少年遭遇性侵害的經驗與強暴行為有關、強暴迷思不是少年性侵害循環的調節變項。最後，就研究結果的意涵、可能解釋、與研究限制提出討論，並提出少年強暴行為的防治建言。

Given the limited investigation of rape by adolescents in Taiwan, the research findings of the association between rape myths and rape by adolescents in western countries are not clear, and the lack of exploration of the role that rape myths play in adolescents' sexual victim-perpetrator cycle, therefore, this study examines: (a) the association of rape myths with adolescent rape; (b) the role rape myths play on sexual victim-to-perpetrator cycle. Anonymous self-report questionnaire is adopted to survey and collect data. Participants involved 466 male adolescents (high school students) from Hsinchu, Taoyuan, Miaoli, and Keelung area in Taiwan. The results show that rape myth acceptance and sexual victimization experiences associate with adolescent rape, and rape myth acceptance level does not moderate the sexual victim-to-perpetrator cycle. Finally, the implications of the findings, possible explanations, and limitations of the study are discussed. The adolescent rape prevention measures based on the findings are presented as well.

1. 王皇玉(2013)。強制手段與被害人受欺瞞的同意：以強制性交猥褻罪為中心。臺大法學論叢，42(2)，381-432。
   連結：
2. 黃軍義(2014)。敵視女性態度、強暴迷思、與強暴行為。教育心理學報，45(3)，393-412。
   連結：
3. 內政部警政署（2015b）：〈近10 年警察機關受處理妨害性自主罪案件概況〉。《警政統計通報》。台北市：內政部警政署。
4. Web Center For Social Research Methods (2015). The T-Test. Retrieved Sept. 26, 2015 from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/stat_t.php.
5. Federal Bureau of Investigation (2015). Uniform Crime Reports. 2013 data retrieved Sept. 4, 2015 from: https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/tables/table-33. 2012 data retrieved Sept. 4, 2015 from: https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/tables/33tabledatadecoverviewpdf.
6. 內政部警政署（2015a）：〈警察機關受（處）理刑事案件嫌疑犯人數─年齡別〉。《統計年報》。2014年資料取自內政部警政署全球資訊網：http://www.npa.gov.tw/NPAGip/wSite/ct?xItem=26907&ctNode=12595&mp=1。2013年資料取自：http://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CCsQFjAEahUKEwj4-pb-4pHIAhVGK6YKHaEhCmI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npa.gov.tw%2FNPAGip%2FwSite%2Fpublic%2FAttachment%2Ff1397201014439.pdf&usg=AFQjCNGXj0GEbDaACAgKgZSrejfKBdRJDA.
7. Aosved, A. C.,Long, P. J.(2006).Co-occurrence of rape myth acceptance, sexism, racism, homophobia, ageism, classism, and religious intolerance.Sex Roles,55,481-492.
8. Barbaree, H. E.(Ed.),Marshall, W. L.(Ed.)(2006).The juvenile sex offender.New York, NY:Guilford Press.
9. Bohner, G.,Jarvis, C.,Eyssel, F.,Siebler, F.(2005).The causal impact of rape myth acceptance on men's proclivity: Comparing sexually coercive and noncoercive men.European Journal of Social Psychology,35,819-828.
10. Brace, N.,Kemp, R.,Snelgar, R.(2003).SPSS for psychologists: A guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows.New York, NY:Palgrave Macmillan.
11. Brownmiller, S.(1975).Against our will: Men, women and rape.New York, NY:Simon & Schuster.
12. Burt, M. R.(1980).Cultural myths and supports for rape.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,38,217-230.
13. Burton, D. L.(2008).An exploratory evaluation of the contribution of personality and childhood sexual victimization to the development of sexually abusive behavior.Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment,20,102-115.
14. Burton, D. L.,Miller, D. L.,Shill, C. T.(2002).A social learning theory comparison of the sexual victimization of adolescent sexual offenders and nonsexual offending male delinquents.Child Abuse and Neglect,26,893-907.
15. Daugherty, L.(2011).Why and how sex offenders abuse: Child molestation, rape, and incest stories, studies, and models.Roswell, NM:Cleanan Press.
16. Drieschner, K.,Lange, A.(1999).A review of cognitive factors in the etiology of rape: Theories, empirical studies, and implications.Clinical Psychology Review,19,57-77.
17. Driesmans, K.,Vandenbosch, L.,Eggermont, S.(2015).Playing a videogame with a sexualized female character increases adolescents' rape myth acceptance and tolerance toward sexual harassment.Games for Health,4,91-94.
18. Dudeck, M.,Spitzer, C.,Stopsack, M.,Freyberger, H. J.,Barnow, S.(2008).Forensic inpatient male sexual offenders: The impact of personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse.The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology,18,494-506.
19. Finkelhor, D.(1984).Child sexual abuse: New theory and research.New York, NY:Free Press.
20. Finkelhor, D.,Ormrod, R. K.,Turner, H. A.(2009).Lifetime assessment of poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth.Child Abuse & Neglect,33,403-411.
21. Freeman, D. H.,Temple, J. R.(2010).Social factors associated with history of sexual assault among ethnically diverse adolescents.Journal of Family Violence,25,349-356.
22. Glasser, M.,Kolvin, I.,Campbell, D.,Glasser, A.,Leitch, I.,Farelly, S.(2001).Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator.The British Journal of Psychiatry,179,482-494.
23. Jolliffe, D.,Farrington, D. P.,Hawkins, J. D.,Catalano, R. F.,Hill, K. G.,Kosterrman, R.(2003).Predictive, concurrent, prospective and retrospective validity of self-reported delinquency.Criminal Behavior and Mental Health,13,179-197.
24. Keogh, T.(2012).The internal world of the juvenile sex offender: Through a glass darkly then face to face.London:Karnac Books.
25. Kline, R. B.(1998).Principle and practice of structural equation modeling.New York, NY:Guilford Press.
26. Koss, M. P.,Gidycz, C. A.,Wisniewski, N.(1987).The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,55,162-170.
27. Koss, M. P.,Oros, C. J.(1982).Sexual experiences survey: A research instrument investigating sexual aggression and victimization.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,50,455-457.
28. Lambie, I.,Seymour, F.,Lee, A.,Adams, P.(2002).Resiliency in the victim-offender cycle in male sexual abuse.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,14,31-48.
29. Laverdiere, E. M.(2005).Differences in rape myth acceptance according to age and gender among the high school population.Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering,66(3-B),1758.
30. Lonsway, K. A.,Fitzgerald, L. F.(1994).Rape myths: In review.Psychology of Women Quarterly,18,133-164.
31. Malamuth, N. M.,Heavey, C. L.,Linz, D.(1996).The confluence model of sexual aggression: Combining hostile masculinity and impersonal sex.Journal of Offender Rehabilitation,23,13-37.
32. Malo-Juvera, V.(2013).The effect of young adult literature on adolescents' rape myth acceptance.Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,73(11-A(E))
33. Marshall, W. L.(Ed.),Laws, D. R.(Ed.),Barbaree, H. E.(Ed.)(1990).Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories and treatment of the offender.New York, NY:Plenum.
34. Nelson, L. E.,Thach, C. T.,Zhang, N.(2014).Gender equity predicts condom use among adolescent and young adult parents in Toronto, Canada.Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality,23,19-26.
35. Payne, D.,Lonsway, K.,Fitzgerald, L.(1999).Rape myth acceptance: Exploration of its structure and its measurement using the Illinois rape myth acceptance scale.Journal of Research in Personality,33,27-68.
36. Reed, K. M. P.,Hines, D. A.,Armstrong, J. L.,Cameron, A. Y.(2015).Experimental evaluation of a bystander prevention program for sexual assault and dating violence.Psychology of Violence,5,95-102.
37. Reyes, H. L. M.,Foshee, V. A.(2013).Sexual dating aggression across grades 8 through 12: Timing and predictors of onset.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,42,581-595.
38. Rich, P.(2003).Understanding, assessing, and rehabilitating juvenile sexual offenders.Hoboken, NJ:Wiley.
39. Russell, D. E. H.(1984).Sexual exploitation: Rape, child sexual abuse, and workplace harassment.Sage Library of Social Research,155,111-167.
40. Salter, D.,McMillan, D.,Richards, M.,Talbot, T.,Hodges, J.,Bentovim, A.(2003).Development of sexually abusive behavior in sexually victimized males: A longitudinal study.The Lancet,361,471-476.
41. Seto, M. C.,Lalumiere, M. L.(2010).What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,136,526-575.
42. Shields, S. A.,Zawadzki, M. J.,Johnson, R. N.(2011).The impact of the workshop activity for gender equity simulation in the academy (WAGES-academic) in demonstrating cumulative effects of gender bias.Journal of Diversity in Higher Education,4,120-129.
43. Singh, A.(1979).Reliability and validity of self-reported delinquency studies: A review.Psychological Reports,44,987-993.
44. Thomas, T. A.,Fremouw, W.(2009).Moderating variables of the sexual "victim to offender cycle" in males.Aggression and Violent Behavior,14,382-387.
45. Wade, J. C.(2001).Professional men's attitudes toward race and gender equity.Journal of Men's Studies,10,73-88.
46. Ward, T.(2000).Sexual offenders' cognitive distortions as implicit theories.Aggression and Violent Behavior,5,491-507.
47. Wegner, R.,Abbey, A.,Pierce, J.,Pegram, S. E.,Woerner, J.(2015).Sexual assault perpetrators' justifications for their actions: Relationships to rape supportive attitudes, incident characteristics, and future perpetration.Violence Against Women,21,1018-1037.
48. 黃軍義、簡誼萍(2012)。違反女性意願性交及性侵害兒童量表的建立初探。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，8(2)，55-90。
49. 廖玲燕(2000)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立台灣大學心理學研究所。
50. 鄭瑞隆(2006)。少年性侵犯行之成因、評估與矯正處遇。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，2(1)，65-92。