樂活暮年行動方案成效評估之研究

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a LOHAS Program for the Elderly

鐘文君(Wen-Chun Chung)

方案成效評估 ； 老化準備 ； 行動研究 ； program effectiveness evaluation ； preparation for old age ； action research

台灣健康照顧研究學刊

16期（2014 / 03 / 01）

1 - 29

繁體中文

樂活暮年行動方案是為了協助中高齡二度單身婦女經歷成功的老化，積極面對晚年相關議題，提早規劃暮年生活。透過本方案達成倡議成功老化、共同學習的分享平台，長期願景是建構一個老有所終的老年單身婦女支持網絡。本研究針對中高齡及二度單身之單親女性，對老後生活安排之需求調查，回收57份，數據顯示老年的醫療及健康保險、居住、死後的規劃、社會支持系統及心靈的寄託，也越來越重視。並針對這些需求，規劃醫療及健康保險、理財、安寧照護、生與死、支持系統的連結、心靈成長等課程，使中高齡二度單身婦女能坦然面對老年生活。研究結果發現，此方案透過團體課程：1.青春不老的秘密；2.彩繪暮年樂活回憶錄；3.生命留言紀念冊，有效了解老化之過程，提早做好面對晚年之心理調適；4.安心樂活公約，有助於中高齡二度單身婦女，建構正向暮年生活認知。就方案執行經驗而言，方案推動團隊工作人員之方案回饋及反思：（1）行動方案中，邊做邊學，計畫內容與實際經驗互相應證；（2）服務使用者的笑容與滿足，成為工作人員最大動力；（3）暮年老人之學習在「團體中」得到相互觀摩，效果特別好；（4）從不願意談起到坦然公開討論及接納之過程；（5）倡議過程遇到阻礙，不斷調整服務策略，讓老化議題被看見。本研究建議：（1）透過成長團體建構老年生活是很有效的介入服務，應持續協助中高齡二度單身婦女建構正向暮年生活認知；（2）老後議題難有共鳴，由於個人需求及條件不同社工人員需要有服務策略調整之能力及被培訓；（3）行動研究中，應強化每一階段之反思及行動策略的調整，以期得到更貼切之服務。

In order to help female divorcées or widows at midlife or in later life age well, efficiently deal with later life issues, and take a proactive approach to their later life plans, a LOHAS program for the elderly is launched. Firstly, a needs assessment survey to identify priority needs of the elderly is first conducted on 57 female divorcées or widows at midlife or in later life; the results show that elderly women place a premium on medical and health insurance, where to live, after-death arrangements, social support systems, and inner resources. With a view to meeting these needs, courses on medical and health insurance planning, financial planning, hospice care, life and death, social support networks, and inner resources development are provided in the LOHAS program, with immediate goals of facilitating successful aging and developing a common learning platform and a long-term vision of building a support network for these elderly women. The research findings indicate the effectiveness of the courses, including 1) Anti-aging tips, 2) LOHAS memoirs drawing, 3) Life notes albums creating (which contributes to a better understanding of one’s aging process, thus allowing proper self-adjustment to one’s later life), and 4) LOHAS pledges making (which facilitates positive cognition of one’s later life). Also, in terms of the program implementation, the feedback and reflections from those who carry out the program include: 1) They learn by involving themselves in the action program, verifying the effectiveness of the program through ongoing experience; 2) They are strongly motivated by positive response and satisfaction of the service users; 3) Group-based learning allows the elderly participants to learn from each other, thus achieving good results; 4) They observe changes of the participants' attitude from unwillingness to talk to openly discussing and accepting one's aging process; 5) They remain flexible about service strategies in order to increase the visibility of aging issues. As a result, the following suggestions are proposed by this study: 1) Growth group activities are highly effective in helping the elderly cope with their later life, and female divorcées or widows at midlife or in later life should be offered continuous help with building positive cognition of one’s later life; 2) In order to elicit positive response from the elderly, social workers need to receive professional training and remain flexible about adjustments to service strategies according to personal needs and situations; 3) In action research, reflections and strategic adjustments at each stage should be strengthened in order to provide appropriate service.