老年糖尿病人自我效能、社會支持與自我照顧行為相關之探討

Relationships between self-efficacy, social support and self-care in older people with diabetes mellitus

趙明玲(Ming-Ling Chao)；陳威廷(Wei-Ting Chen)；汪素敏(Shu-Min Wang)

糖尿病 ； 自我效能 ； 社會支持 ； 自我照顧行為 ； 老人 ； Diabetes ； self-efficacy ； social support ； self-care behavior ； the elderly

台灣健康照顧研究學刊

18期（2018 / 04 / 01）

1 - 12

繁體中文

糖尿病是老人常見的疾病，其盛行率隨著年齡的增加而上升，也常出現許多合併症，糖尿病控制的目標就是將血糖控制在理想範圍，需仰賴自我照顧行為成效。本文目的在探討第二型老年糖尿病病人自我效能、社會支持與自我照顧行為之相關，以及與自我照顧行為有關的重要變項。本研究採橫斷性、描述性相關性研究設計，以北部某醫院糖尿病共照網之236位老年糖尿病人為研究對象，收案時間為2015年4月到10月，以人口學變項、自我效能、社會支持與自我照顧行為等量表進行資料收集。結果顯示（1）總自我照顧跟飲食自我照我跟體重有統計上顯著意義存在。（2）運動自我照顧跟治療方式有統計上顯著意義存在。（3）血糖自我照顧跟教育有統計上顯著意義存在。（4）自我效能及社會支持都與自我照顧行為呈現顯著正相關。（5）自我效能、社會支持及性別共可解釋82.9%的總變異量。本研究提出以下結論:自我效能及社會支持在自我照顧跟血糖的控制上扮演了很重要的角色，本研究結果可以提供臨床護理照護介入措施之參考。

Diabetes is a common disease for the elderly. With the increasing of the aging population, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing year by year and has become a noncommunicable chronic disease which is seriously harmful to the older adult health. Self-care behaviors play an important role in the control of blood sugar. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-efficacy, social support and self-care of older people with diabetes mellitus. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 236 type 2 diabetes elderly patients recruited from the outpatient Diabetes Shared Care Department of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Data were collected from April to October, 2015. A set of questionnaires that included demographic characteristics; self-efficacy; social support; and self-care were administered. Result showed significant relationships of self-care with body weight, education, medication adherence, self-efficacy, and social support (p＜ .05). Self-efficacy, social support, and gender accounted for 82.9% of the variability in self-care. Diabetes self-efficacy may play an important role in diabetes self-care and ultimately in glycemic control. Social determinants should also be taken into account when developing patient self-care goals.

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