高中男子手球選手心理資本、競賽壓力與運動表現滿意度之關係研究

A study of the relationship among high school male handball players’ psychological costs, competitive stress, and athletic performance satisfaction

張簡坤明(Kun-Ming Chang Chien)

心理資本 ； 競賽壓力 ； 運動表現滿意度 ； psychological costs ； competitive stress ； athletic performance satisfaction

海峽兩岸體育研究學報

12卷1期（2018 / 03 / 31）

1 - 21

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討心理資本、競賽壓力與運動表現滿意度之關係，以128位高中男子手球選手為對象進行調查研究，採用心理資本、競賽壓力與運動表現滿意度等三個量表為工具，經採描述性統計及多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法處理，顯著水準訂為α=.05。研究結果發現：1.高中男子手球選手具有較高之希望感與自我效能。2.比賽結果與競賽環境是高中男子手球選手壓力的最大來源。3.高中男子手球選手對於與隊友之間的關係最滿意，而最不滿意的是自己的運動表現。4.高中男子選手的「自我效能」心理資本越高，會更在意比賽的環境，因而其「幻境壓力」也就越高。而選手的希望感越高，其特質性焦慮的壓力也會越高。5.高中男子手球選手的「自我效能」心理資本越高，對於其「個人表現」的滿意度與對「教練指導」的滿意度也越高。然而希望感越高的選手則對於本身的運動表現越不滿意。6.高中男子選手在「環境壓力」越高時，其在個人表現上的滿意度也越高，且選手知覺教練給予的壓力越大時，也能提高選手運動表現的滿意度。最後根據研究結果，提供他校手球隊訓練之參考，亦對後續研究者提出建議。

This study was aimed to explore the relationship among psychological costs, competitive stress, and athletic performance. Participants were 128 high school male handball players. Three scales about psychological costs, competitive stress, and athletic performance were used to collect data. These data were later analyzed statistically with descriptive statistics, multiple stepwise regression analysis, etc. Level of significance was α=.05. The research findings are as follows: 1. High school male handball players have higher sense of expectation and self-efficiency. 2. The greatest pressure for high school male handball players comes from competition results and competition environment. 3. High school male handball players are most satisfied with their relationship with teammates, and least satisfied with self performance in sport. 4. The higher psychological costs these players have in their ＂self-efficiency＂, the more they care about the competition environment, which in turn leads to higher ＂illusion stress＂; Moreover, the higher expectation the players have, the stress of trait anxiety is also higher. 5. The higher psychological costs these players have in their ＂self-efficiency＂, their satisfaction is also higher in ＂personal performance＂ and ＂coach’s direction＂; however, the higher expectation the players have, the less satisfaction they show in their own athletic performance. 6. The higher the ＂environmental stress＂ is, the higher satisfaction these high school male players show in their personal performance. The greater pressure the players perceive from the coach, the higher satisfaction the players have with their athletic performance. Finally these findings could serve as training references for handball coaches and recommendations for future researchers.

1. 陳靜、陳音容、洪聰敏(2005)。中國優秀桌球運動員壓力來源與因應策略。北體學報，13，39-53。
   連結：
2. Avolio, B. J.,Luthans, F.(2006).The high impact leader.New York:McGraw-Hill.
3. Bandura, A.(1997).Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.New York:Freeman.
4. Bandura, A.,Locke, E. A.(2003).Negative self-self efficacy and goal effects revisited.Journal of Applied Psychology,88,87-99.
5. Chelladurai, P.,Riemer, H. A.(1997).A classification of facets of athlete satisfaction.Journal of Sport Management,11,133-159.
6. Curry, L.A.,Snyder, C.R.,Cook, D.L.,Ruby, B.C.,Rehm, M.(1997).Role of hope in academic and sport achievement.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73(6),1257-1267.
7. Galli, N.,Vealey, R. S.(2008)."Bouncing back" from adversity: Athletes'experience of resilience.The Sport Psychologist,22,316-335.
8. Giacalone, R. A.(Ed.),Jurkiewicz, C.(Ed.),Dunn, C.(Ed.)(2005).Positive psychology in business ethics and corporate social responsibility.Greenwich, CT:Information Age.
9. Giacolone, R.(Ed.)Jurkiewicz, C.(Ed.)(2003).Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organization Performance.New York:Sharpe.
10. Gill, D. L.,Martin, J. J.(1995).The relationship of competitive orientations and self-efficacy to goal importance, thoughts and performance in highschool distance runners.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,17,50-62.
11. Greenberg, G.,Baron, R.(1997).Behavior in Organization.Englewood Cliffs,N.J.:Prentice-Hall.
12. Grove, J.R.,Heard, N.P.(1997).Optimism and sport confidence as correlates of slump-related coping among athletes.Sport Psychologist,11(4),400-410.
13. Hosseini, S. A.,Besharat, M. A.(2010).Relation of resilience whit sport achievement and mental health in a sample of athletes.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,5,633-638.
14. Jensen, S. M.,Luthans, F.(2002).The impact of hope in the entrepreneurial process: Exploratory research findings.Decision Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings,San Diego, CA:
15. Kim, M.S.,Chang, D.S.,Destini, F.(2002).Sources of stress among Korean intercollegiate athletes.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,24,S80.
16. Lazarus, R.S.,Folkan, S.(1984).Stress, appraisal, and coping.New York:Springer.
17. Locke, EA(Ed.)(2000).The Blackwell handbook of principles of organizational behavior.Oxford, UK:Blackwell.
18. Luthans, F.(2002).The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior.Journal of Organizational Behavior,23,695-706.
19. Luthans, F.,Avolio, B. J.,Avey, J. B.,Norman, S. M.(2007).Positive psychological capital : Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction.Personnel psychology,60(3),541-572.
20. Luthans, F.,Avolio, B. J.,Walumbwa, F. O.,Li, W.(2005).The psychological Capital of Chinese workers : Exploring the relationship with performance.Management and Organization Review,1,249-271.
21. Luthans, F.,Jensen, S. M.(2002).Hope: A new positive strength for human resource development.Human Resource Development Review,1,304-322.
22. Luthans, F.,Luthans, K. W.,Luthans, B. C.(2004).Positive psychological capital : beyond human and social capital.Business Horizons,47,45-50.
23. Luthans, F.,Youssef, C. M,(2007).Emerging positive organizational behavior.Journal of Management,33,321-349.
24. Luthans, F.,Youssef, C. M.(2004).Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage.Organizational Dynamics,33,143-160.
25. Luthans, F.,Youssef, C. M.,Avolio, B. J.(2007).Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge.Oxford, UK:Oxford University.
26. Morris, T.(Ed.),Summer, J.(Ed.)(2004).Sport Psychology: Theory, research and applications.Queensland:John Wiley and Sons Australia, Ltd.
27. Nicholas, L.H.,John, M.H.(2002).Perceptions of stress and Coping During Preparations for the 1999 Women's soccer Word Cup Finals.The Sport Psychology,16,251-271.
28. Pargman, D.(1986).Stress and motor performance: Understanding and coping.:The Florida State University.
29. Peterson, S.,Luthans, F.(2003).The positive impact of development of hopeful leaders.Leadership and Organization Development Journal,24,26-31.
30. Robbins, S. P.(2000).Organizational Behavior.Upper Saddle, NJ:Prentice Hall, Inc.
31. Seligman, M. E. P.,Csikszentmihalyi, M.(2000).Positive psychology.American Psychologist,55,5-14.
32. Seligman, M.E.P.(1998).Learned optimism.New York:Pocket Books.
33. Snyder, C. R.(1995).Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope.Journal of Counseling and Development,73,355-360.
34. Snyder, C. R.(Ed.)(2000).Handbook of hope: Theory, measures and applications.San Deigo, CA:Acdemic.
35. Snyder, C. R.(Ed.),Lopez, S.(Ed.)(2002).Handbook of positive psychology.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.
36. Stajkovic, A. D.,Luthans, F.(1998).Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy: Going beyond tradition l motivational and behavioral approaches.Organizational Dynamics,26,62-74.
37. Steers, R. M.(Ed.),Porter, L. W.(Ed.),Bigley, G. A.(Ed.)(2003).Motivation and leadership at work.New York:McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
38. Youssef, C. M.(2004).University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
39. 王振奕(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，台北市立教育大學。
40. 吳政道(2016)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中市，朝陽科技大學。
41. 吳蘇、林紀玲(2000)。運動員的心理問題與策略應用之回顧。臺灣體育，108，65-72。
42. 高士剛、莊麗惠(2008)。國中網球選手壓力來源與因應策略之研究─以南投縣國中網球選手為例。2008 年台灣體育運動與健康休閒發展趨勢研討會專刊
43. 張文馨(2012)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，國立臺灣師範大學體育學系。
44. 陳弘振(2010)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新北市，輔仁大學。
45. 陳孟君(2011)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東市，國立屏東教育大學。
46. 陳建瑋、季力康(2011)。博士論文(博士論文)。桃園縣，國立體育大學。
47. 陳建瑋、季力康(2009)。希望感與2×2成就目標對大學生體育課表現之預測。2009國際運動心理學學術研討會，臺北市:
48. 馮麗花(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。桃園縣，國立體育學院。
49. 黃柏瑜(2012)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，臺北市立教育大學。
50. 黃清如(2000)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。桃園市，國立體育學院。
51. 黃慧雯(2012)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，國立臺灣師範大學。
52. 楊紋貞(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，臺北市立大學。
53. 葉俊男(2015)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新北市，聖約翰科技大學。
54. 廖家儀(2015)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，臺北市立大學。
55. 賴慶忠(2011)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。桃園市，國立臺灣體育學院。
56. 簡偉倫(2013)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，國立臺灣師範大學。

1. 陳殷哲,許秀莉,朱惠瓊(2022)。心理資本之行為與組織層面統合分析研究。管理研究學報，22，1-46。
2. 黃秀卿,張家銘,林欣成,巫慧萍(2021)。大學運動員心理資本對憂鬱程度之影響－以流暢體驗為調節變項。運動休閒管理學報，18(1)，112-123。
3. 林信佑(2022)。運動心理資本對高中運動員知覺自我運動表現影響：教練家長式領導行為的跨層次分析。運動休閒管理學報，19(2)，1-23。
4. 羅健銘,陳盈如(2020)。探勘大學生的壓力來源推薦紓壓運動。Journal of Data Analysis，15(3)，27-44。
5. 鄭瀛川,宋承岷(2021)。台灣心理資本研究之回顧與前瞻。臺灣諮商心理學報，9(1)，1-30。