Confirmaatory Factor Analysis of the Generralized self-efficacyscale

自我效能量表之驗證性因素分析

10.29916/JMPP.200709.0008

李惠芳(Hui-Fang Lee)；何忠鋒(Chung-Fong Ho)；楊育寧(Yu-Ning Yang)；胡雲雯(Yun-Wen Hu)

健身運動中心 ； GSE自我效能量表 ； 驗證性因素分析 ； fitness center ； Generalized self-efficacy GSE Scale ； confirmatory factor analysis CFA

管理實務與理論研究

1卷3期（2007 / 09 / 01）

123 - 138

英文

本研究使用GSE自我效能量表檢測健身運動中心工作人員自我效能，並且應用驗證性因素分析考驗量表因素結構。研究者透過集群隨機抽樣與簡單隨機抽樣抽取全台46個健身運動中心428份有效問卷，運用平均數、標準差、單因子變異數分析、偏態、峰度與驗證性因素分析進行資料分析與描述。研究結果顯示量表具有良好的建構信度、聚合效度與整體適配度；人口統計變項與自我效能具有顯著正相關。研究結果可提供高階經理瞭解健身運動中心工作人員自我效能現況。

This study used the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) to determine the staff's self-efficacy and examined its factor structure by using confirmatory factor analysis. A cluster random sampling and a simple random sampling design were used to gather the data from the sample of 46 fitness centers in Taiwan; 428 valid questionnaires were obtained. The researchers used mean, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, skewness, kurtosis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to analyze and describe the GSE. The statistically significant findings show the GSE has good construct reliability and convergent validity; all model fit indexes are within the acceptable levels; there are positive relationships between the demographic variables and self-efficacy. The results of this study may attract the interest of upper-level managers to realize the circumstances of self-efficacy in fitness center staffs.

1. Liu, Y. H.(2004).Yunlin, Taiwan,National Yunlin University of Science & Technology.
   連結：
2. Aerobic Fitness & Health Association of Republic of China(2000).The study of facility and management of fitness center in Taipei.Taipei, Taiwan:The national council on physical fitness and sports, Republic of China.
3. Anderson, J. C.,Gerbing, D. W.(1988).Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.Psychological Bulletin,103,411-423.
4. Axtell, C. M.,Parker, S. K.(2003).Promoting role breadth self-efficacy though involvement, work redesign and training.Human Relations,56,113-131.
5. Bandura, A.(1986).The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,4(3),359-373.
6. Bandura, A.(1997).Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.New York:W. H. Freeman.
7. Bandura, A.(1977).Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.Psychological Review,84(2),191-215.
8. Bandura, A.,Adams, N.(1977).Analysis of self-efficacy theory of behavioral change.Cognitive Therapy and Research,1(4),287-310.
9. Bandura, A.,Wood, R.(1989).Effects of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,56,805-814.
10. Bentler, P. M.,Wu, E. J. C.(1993).EQS/Windows user's guide.Los Angeles:BMDP Statistical Software.
11. Brown, S. P.,Cron, W.,Slocum, J.(1998).Effects of trait competitiveness and perceived intraorganizational competition on salesperson goal setting and performance.Journal of Marketing,62(4),88-98.
12. Eys, M. A.,Carron, A. V.(2001).Role ambiguity, task cohesion, and task self-efficacy.Small Group Research,32,356-373.
13. Fitzgerald, L. F.,Harmon, L. W.,F. T. L. Leong,A. Barak (Eds.)(1998).Sam Osipow and women's career development: A postmodern update.Contemporary models in vocational psychology: A symposium honoring Samuel H. Osipow. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association,San Francisco, California:
14. Hu, L. T.,Bentler, P. M.(1999).Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives.Structural Equation Modeling,6(1),1-55.
15. Hwang, F. M.(2004).Theory and application for structural equation modeling.Taipei, Taiwan:Wunan.
16. Jones, J.(2004).Baton Rouge,Louisiana State University.
17. Judge, T. A.,Bono, J. E.(2001).Relationship of core self-evaluations traits: Self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability: With job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,86,80-92.
18. Kelloway, E. K.(1998).Using LISREL for structural equation modeling.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
19. Kline, R. B.(1998).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York:Guilford Press.
20. O''Neill, B. S.,Mone, M. A.(1998).Investigating equity sensitivity as a moderator of relations between self-efficacy and workplace attitudes.Journal of Applied Psychology,83(5),805-816.
21. Parker, S. K.(1998).Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions.Journal of Applied Psychology,83,835-852.
22. Scholz, U.,Gutierrez-Dona, B.,Sud, S.,Schwarzer, R.(2002).Is perceived self-efficacy a universal construct? Psychometric findings from 25 countries.European Journal of Psychological Assessment,18(3),242-251.
23. Schwarzer, R.,Babler, J.,Kwiatek, P.,Schroder, K.(1997).The assessment of optimistic self-beliefs: Comparison of the German, Spanish, and Chinese versions of the general self-efficacy scale.Applied Psychology,46(1),69-88.
24. Schwarzer, R.,Jerusalem, M.,J. Weinman (Eds.),S. Wright (Eds.),M. Johnston (Eds.)(1995).Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio, causal and control beliefs.Windsor, UK:NFER-NELSON.
25. Stajkovic, A. D.,Luthans, F.(1998).Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,124(2),240-261.
26. Tierney, P.,Farmer, S. M.(2002).Creative self-efficacy: Is potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance.Academy of Management Journal,45,1137-1148.
27. Van Yperen, N. W.(1998).Informational support, equity and burnout: The moderating effect of self-efficacy.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,71,29-33.
28. Venketesh, V.,Davis, F. D.(1996).A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: Development and test.Decision Sciences,27(3),451-482.
29. Wolf, K. N.(1997).Predicting positive self-efficacy in group problem solving.Human Resource Development Quarterly,8,155-169.
30. Wu, M. C.(2000).Education research-basic concept and method analysis.Taipei, Taiwan:Wunan.
31. Zimmerman, B. J.,Bandura, A.,Martinez-Pons, M.(1992).Self-motivation for academic attainment: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting.American Educational Research Journal,29,663-676.