由十二年國教課綱草案展望未來　中小學之英語文教科書

Prospects of English Textbooks for Elementary and High Schools in View of Draft Curriculum Guidelines for Twelve-year Basic Education

10.6481/JTR.201612_9(3).05

葉錫南(Hsi-Nan Yeh)

十二年國教 ； 課程綱要 ； 英語教科書 ； Twelve-year Basic Education ； curriculum guidelines ； textbooks for English

教科書研究

9卷3期（2016 / 12 / 15）

143 - 168

繁體中文

十二年國民基本教育課程綱要預定於2016年12月正式公告，並於2018年8月開始實施新課程。綱要草案公聽到課程實施有兩年以上的時間供教科書的編纂、審查與選用。本文根據英語文綱要揭櫫的重要理念變革，衡諸國內中小學英語教育主流思維與傳統的一些問題，指出英語文教科書「循序漸進與統整式的編纂架構」、「整合性的外語課程信念」、「導入學習策略培養學生自主學習」、「漸進培養思考能力」、「提倡閱讀策略及廣泛閱讀」、「清楚定位語音學習工具：字母拼讀與音標」、「區隔應用結構與認識結構；文法句構情境化」及「提供彈性教材因應差異化需求」八項重要議題，逐一說明作者的觀察並提出具體的建議，展望教科書新樣貌，期能落實十二年國教綱要的精神。

The curriculum guidelines of the Twelve-year Basic Education, a new educational reform in Taiwan, will be released in December, 2016. The new curriculum will start at elementary and high schools in August, 2018. Textbook publishers have about two years for textbook writing and review. Based on the major innovations in the curriculum, and informed by the mainstream practices in English teaching at all levels of schools in Taiwan, this study proposes eight important issues to be considered in textbook writing: (1) a progressive and integrative framework for textbook writing; (2) integration of different curriculum ideologies; (3) introduction of learning strategies and autonomous learning; (4) development of thinking skills; (5) promotion of reading strategies and extensive reading; (6) clear roles assigned to phonics and phonetic symbols; (7) contextualization of grammar instruction, as well as distinction between ＂structure for production＂ and ＂structure for recognition＂; and (8) flexible materials for differentiated instruction. Each issue is discussed in the context of English teaching and learning in Taiwan. Some suggestions for textbook writing are also made. It is hoped that these suggestions would help depict an ideal and feasible outlook of English textbooks for the Twelve-year Basic Education.

1. 6 成8 企業招募「英文」列指標（2009，10 月19 日）。1111 人力銀行。取自http://south.1111.com.tw/content.asp?aNo=14819
2. 十二年國民基本教育語文領域「英語文」課程綱要草案（2015）。
3. 國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要──語文學習領域（英語）（2003）。
4. 國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要──語文學習領域（英語）（2010）。
5. 普通高級中學英文科課程綱要補充說明（2009）。
6. Anderson, N. J.(2008).ACTIVE skills for reading.Boston, MA:Heinle & Heinle..
7. Brown, H. D.(2000).New vistas: An interactive course in English.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall Regents..
8. Brown, H. D.(2000).New vistas: An interactive course in English.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall Regents..
9. Brown, H. D.(2000).New vistas: An interactive course in English.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall Regents..
10. Brown, H. D.(2000).New vistas: An interactive course in English.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall Regents..
11. Brown, H. D.(2007).Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy.New York, NY:Pearson Longman..
12. Brown, J. D.(1995).The elements of language curriculum.Boston, MA:Heinle & Heinle..
13. Celce-Murcia, M.(Ed.)(1991).Teaching English as a second or foreign language.Boston, MA:Heinle & Heinle..
14. Chamot, A. U.,O'Malley, M.(1994).The CALLA handbook: How to implement the cognitive academic language learning approach.Boston, MA:Addison-Wesley.
15. Chang, L.(2005).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
16. Chen, H.(2014).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
17. Chen, L.-C.(2002).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
18. Chen, M.-M.(2012).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
19. Chen, Y.(2005).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
20. Eisner, E.(Ed.)(1985).The educational imagination: On the design and evaluation of school programs.New York, NY:Macmillan..
21. Haines, D.(1996).Survival of the fittest.The Bookseller,February,26-34.
22. Han, W.(2008).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
23. Huang, G.-H.(2011).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
24. Huang, J.-Y.(2014).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
25. Huang, M.(2012).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
26. Hung, L.(2008).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
27. Jackson, P. W.(Ed.)(1992).Handbook of research on curriculum.New York, NY:Macmillan..
28. Kirn, E.,Hartmann, P.(2007).Interactions 1 reading.Columbus, OH:McGraw-Hill Higher Education..
29. Krashen, S. D.(2011).Free voluntary reading.Santa Barbara, CA:Greenwood..
30. Larsen-Freeman, D.(2000).Techniques and principles in language teaching.New York, NY:Oxford University Press..
31. Li, H.(2004).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
32. Nation, I. S. P.,Macalister, J.(2010).Language curriculum design (ESL & applied linguistics professional series).New York, NY:Routledge..
33. Omaggio Hadley, A.(2001).Teaching language in context.Boston, MA:Heinle & Heinle..
34. Oxford, R.(1990).Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know.New York, NY:Newbury House..
35. Pan, P.(2004).Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Normal University.
36. Richards, J. C.(1996).Beyond training.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press..
37. Richards, J. C.(2001).Curriculum development in language teaching.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press..
38. Rubin, J.(1975).What the "good language learner" can teach us.TESOL Quarterly,9(1),41-51.
39. Wenden, A.(1985).Learner strategies.TESOL Newsletter,19(1),4-7.
40. 張武昌編(2005)。九年一貫課程：英語教學挑戰與對策。臺北市:國立臺灣師範大學。
41. 張武昌、楊承淑、葉錫南、陳秋蘭、游毓玲、林于仙(2014)。,新北市:國家教育研究院。
42. 張武昌、葉錫南、鄭錦桂、黃宗嫻、張麗滎、張立之、陳雅君(2007)。教育部九年一貫教科書評鑑計畫報告教育部九年一貫教科書評鑑計畫報告,臺北市:中華民國課程與教學研究學會。
43. 陳秋蘭編、程玉秀編(2015)。培養思考力：以高中階段英語文教育為例。臺北市:文鶴。
44. 黃政傑(1991)。課程設計。臺北市:東華。
45. 葉錫南(2013)。英文科差異化教學之理念與實施。教育研究月刊，233，37-48。

1. Shu-wen Lin(2022)。ANALYSIS OF TEACHER COGNITIONS AND PRACTICES FROM A GLOBAL ENGLISHES PERSPECTIVE: CASES OF HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEACHERS IN TAIWAN。Taiwan Journal of TESOL，19(1)，35-58。
2. 唐淑華(2017)。培養閱讀素養，何必遠求？從設計一本「以學生為主體」的中學課本開始。教科書研究，10(2)，1-31。
3. (2018)。從「能力」到「素養」的英語教學：溝通式教學觀的情境與活用。教育研究月刊，294，72-90。
4. (2019)。十二年國教與九年一貫課程英語文課程綱要之分析。教育研究，27，48-77。
5. (2020)。廣泛閱讀作為英語文素養導向教學之理念、實踐與評析。臺東大學教育學報，31(2)，79-110。