馬克思的經濟思維與其哲學詮釋

Marx's Economic Thought and Its Philosophic Interpretation

10.29699/FJPS.200507.0007

洪鎌德(Lien-Te Hung)

異化 ； 剝削 ； 資本 ； 勞動 ； 自我膨脹 ； 時間經濟 ； alienation ； exploitation ； capital ； labor ； self-aggrandizement ； and the economics of time

哲學論集

38期（2005 / 07 / 01）

181 - 202

繁體中文

本文以白描與勾勒的方式把艱深複雜的馬克思經濟思想化爲簡明易懂的導論。文中指出他一生的經濟思維之演變，也就是他經歷了青年、中年與壯年三個階段的思想發展：從對前資本主義社會的經濟活動之描繪到對資本主義社會之剖析與抨擊。《巴黎手稿》、《綱要》與《資本論》爲這三個時期著作之代表。一反西方某些流派強調青年馬克思和成年馬克思之思想的對立與斷裂，本文以《綱要》遺稿的刊載，證明馬克思經濟學說的始終一貫，都是把經濟現象當作宗教現象在批判，強調資本與勞動兩大善惡勢力的對決。本文最後以馬克思經濟學說的當代詮釋做爲總結。

This essay attempts to briefly explore and to critically analyze Marx's basic ideas of political economy. As a trenchant attacker of capitalism and a severe critic of its theoretical defenders-the so-called classical political economists-, Marx traces out the main characteristics of the development of pre-capitalist and capitalist society. For him alienation and exploitation are two conspicuous phenomena which contrast the present system of capitalism to the former traditional society of feudalism and slavery. Through the publication of the Grundrisse in the 1930s and its English translation in the 1960s, the consistency of Marx's economic thought is reconfirmed and evident. Thus, the author endorses the viewpoint that despite periodization of the young and mature Marx, his economic thought is continuous and consistent throughout his lifetime. His basic idea is convoluted around the life-and-death struggle between labor and capital in philosophical terms of good and evil. His materialistic conception is a mythic vision in which the dualism of conflicting forces of the alienated self is apprehended as a dichotomy of social forces, a class struggle in society, a warfare of labor and capital. Marx's critique of political economy finally turns out to be a political, social and ethic theory of human fate.

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