士林哲學的時空觀－以亞里斯多德哲學為例

The Vision of space-time in the Scholastic Philosophy~An Explanation on the Thinking of Aristotle

10.29699/FJPS.200507.0004

李政達(Vence Jen-Ta Lee)

時間 ； 空間 ； 處所 ； 運動 ； 分量 ； 擴延 ； time ； space ； place ； movement ； quantity ； extension

哲學論集

38期（2005 / 07 / 01）

87 - 113

繁體中文

士林哲學的時空觀乃是承續了亞里斯多德的觀點。然而時間與空間在亞氏的學說中是與運動息息相關的，但是變動與運動是不同的。運動乃是屬依附體的，而真正的依附體運動只有：「質變」、「量變」與「位移」三種，而前兩者都是因「位移」而有的。 而「位移」乃是處所的運動，處所（空間）即：「包容物最初不變的界限。」由此定義導引出空間的主要特性：即是分量的擴延。 亞里斯多德對時間下的定義為：「關於運動前後的計數。」由於時間乃是與運動相關的，沒有就運動就沒有時間。所以時間的特性乃是來自於運動，因此時間就成為分量的，而能被計數。時間的計數乃是來自現在，才為人的理智所度量。 獨立於事物之外的「絕對時間」與「絕對空間」是不存在的，就亞里斯多德觀點，只有「實在時間」與「實在空間」存在。

The vision of space-time, in the Scholastic Philosophy, succeeds to the thinking of Aristotle. However, this vision concerns about the theory of the movement, which is different from the concept of change. Nerveless, the movement belongs to the accident because the real movements in the concept of the accident: 'qualitative change', ' quantitative change' and 'movement'. For the two first are from 'movement'. 'Movement' is the movement of place. Place means: innermost motionless boundary of the container. It is from this definition that we find the principal characteristic of space: extension of quantity. The Aristotle's definition of time is: The number of movement in respect of the ”before” and ”after”, which explains the relation between the time and the space. Because there is no movement, there is no time. So the characteristic of time is derived from the movement; then the time becomes quantity and measurable. The measure of time is from the presence; that’s why the intellect can calculate. It does not exist 'the absolute time' and 'the absolute space' out of the 'reality'. As far as the point of view of Aristotle, there are only 'the real time' and 'the real space'.

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