宋代理學的“繼善成性”與“性善”說辨

Discussions on the Doctrines of the "Goodness Issuing from Dao and Completing Nature" and "Goodness of Nature" in Neo-Confucianism of the Song Dynasty

10.29699/FJPS.200807.0002

向世陵(Shi-Ling Xiang)

繼善 ； 成性 ； 性善 ； 盡性易 ； 中庸 ； 樂記 ； 孟子 ； Goodness Issuing from dao ； completing nature ； goodness of nature ； full development of nature ； he Book of Changes ； the Doctrine of the Mean ； the Record of Music in the Book of Rites ； Mencius

哲學論集

41期（2008 / 07 / 01）

18 - 32

繁體中文

「繼善成性」與「性善」是中國哲學尤其是宋明理學在「性與天道」論的思辨中，圍繞善與性的關繫展開的重要義理間架和理論走向。胡瑗、周敦頤作爲先驅，為理學本性觀的創立提供了最基本的天道論的依據；張載注重推偏至全的道德創造和變化氣質工夫，力求通過善的過程性去打造性的實體性；二程強調普遍之善與個體之性的順序過渡，以從根本上說明個體人性成就的合理性和價值的肯定性。朱熹闡釋「繼善成性」說的目的，在為他的理本論體系作論證。他通過將理學本性觀的客觀基礎與至善的價值認定相互關聯，推動傳統的繼善成性說走向新的階段。

It is an important theoretical structure and trend to discuss the ”goodness issuing from dao and completing nature” and ”goodness of nature”, which reflects the thinking of ”nature and heavenly dao” around the relationships between good and nature in Chinese philosophy especially the Neo-Confucianism of the Song-Ming Dynasties. As pioneers of the Neo-Confucianism, Hu Yuan and Zhou Dunyi founded the theoretical basis of heavenly dao for the creation of the view of nature. Zhang Zai stressed the work of moral creation and transforming physical nature leading to the full development of nature so as to construct the substance of goodness through its creating process. Cheng brothers emphasized the ordinal transition from the universal goodness to individual nature in order to clarify the reasonability and value in the completion of individual nature. Zhu Xi's purpose explaining the doctrines of the goodness issuing from dao and completing nature is to try to testify his theoretical system based on the heavenly li. As a matter of fact, Zhu Xi impelled the traditional doctrines of the goodness issuing from dao and completing nature into a new stage by means of the mutual connections between the objective basis of the view of nature of Neo-Confucianism and the virtual identification of the ultimate goodness.

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