黎貴惇有關中越文化交流的論述：以《芸臺類語》與《見聞小錄》為範圍

Le Quy Don's Narration of Cultural Communication Between China and Vietnam: Based on His Yun-tai le-yu and Jian-wen xiao-lu

鍾彩鈞(Chung Tsai-chun)

黎貴惇(1726-1784) ； 文化交流 ； 格物 ； 《芸臺類語》 ； 《見聞小錄》 ； Le Quy Don (1726-1784) ； cultural communication ； Ge-wu(investigation of things) ； Yun-tai le-yu ； Jian-wen xiao-lu

中正漢學研究

29期（2017 / 06 / 01）

147 - 171

繁體中文

黎貴惇(1726-1784)是黎朝末年百科全書式的著名學者，著述豐富。本文所取材的《芸臺類語》與《見聞小錄》，從探討中國與越南文化交流的觀點而言，《芸臺類語》可見到中國人寫越南，而《見聞小錄》中可看見越南人談中國。黎貴惇的格物之學不止是博覽群書的興趣，更有經世致用的目的。他認為：事物隨著時空環境而產生沿革變異，然而變異正為了群體的相生相養、相規相保，也就是常道。他的格物方法是廣泛理解各種不同事物來體會其中的常道，而達到範圍曲成之妙。黎貴惇的思維是中國式的，但他從變異的重要性關注越南的風土人物，並強調越南青出於藍的實例。論文主體是抄錄二書裡中越交流的記述，並略作說明。分為四節：越南從遠古到獨立前後的歷史、中國官制的模仿、人員與技藝的交流、物產的交流。

Le Quy Don (1726-1784), the well known encyclopedic scholar of the late Le dynasty, left us tremendous literary works. This article introduces his descriptions and opinions of the cultural communication between China and Vietnam in his two books. In Yun-tai le-yu are found Chinese records of Vietnam people and things, and in the other book, Jian-wen xiao-lu, we see how Vietnam people thought about Chinese. With regards to Le Quy Don's Ge-wu learning, in addition to the interests of comprehensive learning, he aimed at practical administrations of world affairs. He believes that things changed with times and spaces. However, these changes must be utilized to bring benefits and give orders to the lives of people, which is the development of the constant way. The purpose of Ge-wu is to learn the constant way through investigation of different things, in order to helping people adapt themselves to changing situations. Although equipped with the Chinese way of thinking, he recognized the importance of changes and gave great concerns about Vietnam things, and illustrated examples of superior development of the latter. The main parts of the article are discussions of the citations and comments which Le Quy Don made from Chinese and Vietnamese sources. The discussions are divided into four sections, which are 1) Vietnamese history before and around independence, 2) imitations of Chinese political system, 3) interactions of people and crafts, and 4) communications of products.

1. ［越南］黎貴惇：《見聞小錄》。越南翰林社會科學院漢喃院抄本。
2. (2009)。文淵閣四庫全書電子版。香港:迪志文化公司。
3. ［越南］黎貴惇：《芸臺類語》。越南翰林社會科學院漢喃院抄本。
4. 清錢謙益(2009)。牧齋初學集。上海:上海古籍出版社。
5. Cooke, Nola(1995).The Composition of the Nineteenth-Century Political Elite of Pre-Colonial Nguyen Vietnam.Modern Asian Studies,29(4)
6. 林維杰(2012)。黎貴惇思想中的格物學。黎貴惇的學術與思想，臺北:
7. 孫來臣(2013)。1390-1497 年間中國的火器技術與越南。海洋史研究，北京:
8. 陳益源、裴光雄(2015)。閩南與越南。臺北:樂學書局。
9. 蕭麗華(2015)。安南丁、黎、李三朝詩僧與唐宋詩僧「文學自覺」之比較。東亞視域中的越南，臺北:
10. 鍾彩鈞(2015)。越南與中國模型。東亞視域中的越南，臺北:
11. 龐希云、李志峰(2013)。文化傳遞中的想像與重構－中越「翁仲」的流傳與變異。上海師範大學學報（哲學社會科學版），42(2)
12. 譚其驤編(1985)。中國歷史地圖集。上海:地圖出版社。