王陽明致良知教之道德規範根源與動力論

The Source of Moral Normativity and Motivation in Wang Yangming's Teaching of zhi liang-chi

李瑞全(Lee Shui-chuen)

理由論 ； 王陽明 ； 致良知教 ； 知行合一 ； 工夫進路 ； internalism ； Wang Yangming ； zhi liang-chi ； knowing and practicing is one body ； kung-fu approach (moral cultivation approach)

中正漢學研究

38期（2021 / 12 / 01）

31 - 66

繁體中文

本文對陽明學進行一充份的文獻分析，以申論陽明的道德哲學是一內在論的型態。本文首先說明所謂「理由論」的意義，以見出真正的關鍵是實踐理性或良知是否具有道德行動的動力。由於陽明學是一工夫進路的「成德之教」，本文進而綜述陽明在依朱子之「格物窮理」的工夫進行實踐時所遇到的困難，最後採用程明道與李延平的工夫進路，突破朱子工夫論中的「心理為二」的錯誤，而由工夫實踐中建立「心即理」、「心外無理」、「心外無物」的「致良知教」。本文展示陽明如何批判朱子之工夫論，而有「知行合一」、「靜坐」與「致良知」的工夫的實踐方法。本文由詳細分析陽明的「知行合一」與「致良知」的兩種工夫的論述，確立陽明的道德學乃是一「簡單的純道德的內在論」。

Through detailed analysis, this paper establishes that Wang Yangming's moral philosophy is an internalism. First, I explain why the major issue of the division of internalism and externalism is whether practical reason or liang-chi have the motivational force in moral action. Because Wang Yangming's philosophy is a ＂teaching of moral person＂ with a moral cultivation or kung-fu approach, I make a fairly detail analysis of his difficulties in practicing Zhu Xi's method of moral cultivation which takes the heart-mind (xin) and Reason (li) as two different ontological entities. With the help of Cheng Mingdao and Li Yanping's ideas of moral cultivation, Wang Yangming finally establishes his kung-fu approach with the heart-mind and Reason as one and that there is ＂no Reason outside the Heart-mind＂, ＂nothing outside the heart-mind＂. Wang Yangming developed the moral cultivation method of ＂knowing and practicing is one body＂, ＂transcendental meditation＂ and finally the ultimate method of moral practice of ＂zhi liang-chi＂. I show in details how Wang Yangming's method of ＂knowing and practicing is one body＂ and ＂zhi liang-chi＂ are both a kind of simple and pure moral internalism.

1. (2005).黃宗羲全集.杭州:浙江古籍出版社.
2. (2005).黃宗羲全集.杭州:浙江古籍出版社.
3. （宋）朱熹(1984).四書章句集註.臺北:鵝湖出版社.
4. （明）王陽明,吳光等（編校）(1992).王陽明全集.上海:新華書店.
5. （明）王龍溪,吳震（編校）(2007).王畿集.南京:鳯凰出版社.
6. 牟宗三(1969).心體與性體.臺北:中正書局.
7. 牟宗三(1968).心體與性體.臺北:中正書局.
8. 牟宗三(1974).現象與物自身.臺北:學生書局.
9. 牟宗三(1963).中國哲學的特質.臺北:學生書局.
10. 牟宗三(1979).從陸象山到劉蕺山.臺北:學生書局.
11. 束景南(2017).王陽明年譜長編.上海:上海古籍出版社.
12. 李瑞全(2013).儒家道德規範根源論.臺北:鵝湖出版社.

1. 李瑞全(2021)。工夫、境界與頓漸之教：敬答「切琢新知」中黃慧英、沈鴻慎與龔開喻三位師友之解讀與商量。鵝湖月刊，552，38-54。