產品設計領域中創造力組成成分之多元迴歸分析

A Multiple Regression Analysis of the Creativity Components in Product Design

陳明鴻(Ming-Hung Chen)；陳一平(I-Ping Chen)

創造力 ； 產品設計 ； 多元迴歸分析 ； Creativity ； Product Design ； Multiple Regression Analysis

設計研究學報

7期（2014 / 07 / 01）

64 - 80

繁體中文

創造力是當今產學界十分重視的能力，但創造力概念的複雜性致使教育者不易精準評量學習者的創意程度，也因而難以供給恰當的回饋。本研究聚焦於產品設計領域的創造力表現，旨在建立一套簡單易測的方法來評量創造力，讓設計教育者能快速評估學習者的創造力程度。本研究先以文獻回顧確立出原創性、適當性、多樣性三者作為創造力的組成成分，再透過評分者的評分結果，建立創造力與其組成成分之間的迴歸方程式，並獲得74%的解釋力。依據本研究具有明確定義的創造力組成成分來進行創造力的評量，可大幅降低評分工作的困難度。而了解各組成成分的比重關係，亦有助於教師在設計教育現場針對學習者的個別特性因材施教。

Creativity is an important ability of human beings. However, it is hard to measure. We focused on creativity in product design in this study. The purpose was to develop a measure of creativity which would enable educators to more easily and accurately measure the development of learners' creativity. Three constituent components of creativity, namely originality, appropriateness, and diversity, were identified through literature review. A multiple regression model was obtained, and the validity of which was tested with a split data method. The regression model was able to explain 74% of the overall variances. It is far easier for raters to give their evaluations on each component than giving a gross score on creativity. The internal criteria for evaluation are much more stable. Breaking creativity into its components is also of pedagogical and diagnostic values in educations of product design, as a student's weak point can be better addressed specifically.

1. 陳學志、洪素蘋、許禕芳、邱皓政、關秉寅、詹志禹(2009)。擴散性思考與聚斂性思考的交會：有限解答之擴散性思考測驗之編製與信效度檢驗。教育科學研究期刊，54(4)，29-61。
   連結：
2. 劉昆夏、鄭英耀、王文中(2010)。創意產品共識評量之信、效度析論。測驗學刊，57(1)，59-84。
   連結：
3. Phillips, E., 1992, Assessing the creativity of expert artworks: An extension of the Consenual Assessment Technique, Unpublished manuscripts, Brandeis University.
4. Amabile, T. M., Phillips, E. D., & Collins, M. A., 1993, Creativity by contract: Social influences on the creativity of professional artists, Unpublished manuscript, Brandeis University.
5. Pollak, S., 1992, The effects of motivational orientation and constraint on the creativity of the artist. Unpublished manuscript, Brandeis University..
6. Amabile, T. M.(1996).Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity.Boulder, Colo.:Westview Press Inc.
7. Amabile, T. M.(1983).The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,45(2),357.
8. Amabile, T. M.,Hadley, C. N.,Kramer, S. J.(2002).Creativity under the gun.Harvard Business Review,80(8),52-61.
9. Baer, M.,Oldham, G. R.(2006).The curvilinear relation between experienced creative time pressure and creativity: Moderating effects of openness to experience and support for creativity.Journal of Applied Psychology,91(4),963-970.
10. Brophy, D. R.(1998).Understanding, measuring, and enhancing collective creative problem-solving efforts.Creativity Research Journal,11(3),199-229.
11. Brophy, D. R.(1998).Understanding, measuring, and enhancing individual creative problem-solving efforts.Creativity Research Journal,11(2),123-150.
12. Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1996).Creativity: flow and the psychology of discovery and invention.New York:HarperCollons.
13. Gardner, H.(1999).Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century.New York:Basic Book.
14. Gardner, H.(1993).Creating minds.New York:Basic Books.
15. Glover, J. A.(Ed.),Ronning, R. R.(Ed.),Reynolds, C. R.(Ed.)(1989).Handbook of creativity.New York:Plenum Press.
16. Golann, S. E.(1963).Psychological study of creativity.Psychological Bulletin,60(6),548-565.
17. Guilford, J. P.(1967).The nature of human intelligence.New York:McGraw-Hill Companies.
18. Heller, K. A.(Ed.),Monk, F. J.(Ed.),Sternberg, R. J.(Ed.),Subotnik, R. F.(Ed.)(2000).International Handbook of Giftedness and talent.New York:Elsevier.
19. Hennessey, B. A.,Amabile, T. M.(2010).Creativity.Annual Review of Psychology,61,569-598.
20. Jiliang, S.,Baoguo, S.(2007).Effects of gender and types of materials on creativity.Psychological Science,30(2),285-288.
21. Kaufmann, G.(2003).Expanding the mood - Creativity equation.Creativity Research Journal,15(2-3),131-135.
22. Kim, K. H.(2005).Learning from each other: Creativity in East Asian and American education.Creativity Research Journal,17(4),337-347.
23. Lee, K. H.(2002).Creative thinking in real world situations in relation to gender and education of late adolescents.The International Journal of Creativity and Problem Solving,12(1),59-70.
24. Lehman, D. R.,Chiu, C. Y.,Schaller, M.(2004).Psychology and culture.Annual Review of Psychology,55,689-714.
25. Milgram, R. M.,Milgram, N. A.(1976).Creative thinking and creative performance in Israeli students.Journal of Educational Psychology,68(3),255-259.
26. O'brien, R. M.(2007).A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors.Quality and Quantity,41(5),673-690.
27. Pfenninger, K. H.(Ed.),Shubik, V. R.(Ed.)(2001).The origins of creativity.New York:Oxford University Press.
28. Plucker, J.(2000).Beware of hasty, simple conclusions: the case for content generality of creativity.Creat. Res. J.,11,179-182.
29. Rhodes, M.(1961).An analysis of creativity.The Phi Delta Kappan,42(7),305-310.
30. Runco, M.(Ed.),Pritzker, S.(Ed.)(1999).Encyclopedia of creativity.
31. Sternberg, R. J.(Ed.)(1999).Handbook of creativity.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
32. Sternberg, R. J.(Ed.)(1988).The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives.New York:Cambridge University Press.
33. Sternberg, R. J.,Dess, N. K.(2001).Creativity for the new millennium.American Psychologist,56(4),332-332.
34. Sternberg, R. J.,Lubart, T. I.(1995).Defying the crowd: Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity.New York:Free Press.
35. Sternberg, R.J.(Ed.)(1988).The nature of creativity.New York:Cambridge University Press.
36. Tacq, J.(1997).Multivariate analysis techniques in social science research: From problem to analysis.London:Sage Publications Ltd.
37. 吳靜吉(2002)。華人學生創造力的發掘與培育。應用心理研究，15，17-42。
38. 吳靜吉、葉玉珠、鄭英耀(2000)。影響創意發展的個人因素、家庭及學校因素量表之發展。創新與創造力─技術創造力的涵意與開發研討會，台北:
39. 林幸台(1996)。創造思考能力之評量與教學。台北:國立台灣師範大學特殊教育系。
40. 董奇(1995)。兒童創造力發展心理。台北:五南。
41. 詹秀美(1990)。國小學生創造力與問題解決能力的相關變項研究。特殊教育研究學刊，6，227-246。