運用資料探勘於自動化色彩語意分析之研究

Automatic Analysis of Color Semantic by Data Mining Techniques

陳佳安(Chia-An Chen)；周遵儒(Tzren-Ru Chou)

資料探勘 ； 色彩語意 ； 色彩意象 ； Data Mining ； Color Semantics ； Color Image

設計研究學報

11期（2018 / 10 / 01）

17 - 36

繁體中文

色彩是一種設計語言，影響視覺傳達與人們的心理認知（色彩意象）。色彩語意為溝通色彩意象的詞彙，因文化等因素有所差異，過去以心理實驗調查的方式，無法即時回應設計需求的增長。因此本研究提出一個色彩語意分析方法，結合網路大數據、資料探勘與色彩意象尺度，嘗試得出合理之詞彙與色彩對應關係。本研究結果顯示，與過去文獻結果相比較，使用卷積神經網路可得詞彙對應色相，唯有無彩色的部分效果不彰。自然語言辨識結合色彩意象尺度可得詞彙對應色調，部分結果與文獻呈現極端值，顯示若要將色彩意象尺度作為設計標準，仍需經過專家在地化調整。此方法未來可進行參數化與設計應用結合，開發自動化色彩分析系統，並作為其他設計應用研究之參考。

Color plays a crucial role in visual communication and cognition (color image). Color semanticsarewordshelp us to communicate color image,influenced by factors as culture, experience and so on, but psychological experimental investigations could not respond to the growth of design requirementsimmediately. Therefore, we propose a method of color semantic analysis, combining big data, data mining and color image scale, and tries to obtain a reasonable correspondence between words and colors. Compared with the results of literature, the results of this study shows that convolutional neural networks can obtain words corresponding to the hue, only in the achromatic color can not achieve a good identification. Natural language processing combined with the color image scale can obtain words corresponding to the tone, but some results show extreme difference with literature. It shows that if color image scale is used as design standard, it still needslocalization by experts. In the future, this method can be improved by parameterization, to develop an automated color analysis system, as a reference for color design.

1. 江雅媚、陳文亮(2012)。應用類神經網路模擬產品功能屬性組合搭配之研究。設計研究學報，5，1-13。
   連結：
2. 林麗英、邱上嘉(2014)。國人色新娘彩妝視覺意象分析之研究：以2008~2012 年新新娘雜誌為例。設計學報，19(4)，57-80。
   連結：
3. 戴孟宗、廖信、楊宜瑄(2010)。色彩形容詞與感知強度指標之研究。中華印刷科技年報，230-246。
   連結：
4. Adams, F. M.,Osgood, C. E.(1973).A cross-cultural study of the affective meanings of color.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,4(2),135-156.
5. Berlin, B.,Kay, P.(1969).Basic color terms: Their university and evolution.Berkeley:University of California Press.
6. Cheng, Z.,Li, X.,Loy, C. C.(2016).Pedestrian Color Naming via Convolutional Neural Network.Computer Vision - ACCV 2016: 13th Asian Conference on Computer Vision,Cham, Switzerland:
7. Gao, X.,Xin, J.(2006).Investigation of Human's Emotional Responses on Colors.Color Research & Application,31(5),411-417.
8. Heer, J.,Stone, M.(2012).Color naming models for color selection, image editing and palette design.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
9. Heider, E. R.(1971)."Focal" color areas and the development of color names.Developmental psychology,4(3),447.
10. Humphreys, G. W.,Bruce, V.(1989).Visual cognition: Computational, experimental, and neuropsychological perspectives.UK, Hove:Psychology Press.
11. Jahanian, A.,Keshvari, S.,Vishwanathan, S. V. N.,Allebach, J.(2017).Colors-Messengers of Concepts: Visual Design Mining for Learning Color Semantics.ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction,24(1),39.
12. Jahanian, A.,Liu, J.,Lin, Q.,Tretter, D.,O'Brien-Strain, E.,Lee, S. C.,Allebach, J.(2013).Recommendation system for automatic design of magazine covers.Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
13. Kawakami, K.,Dyer, C.,Routledge, B. R.,Smith, N. A.(2016).Character Sequence Models for Colorful Words.Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 1949-1954
14. Kay, P.,McDaniel, C. K.(1978).The linguistic significance of the meanings of basic color terms.Language,610-646.
15. Kobayashi, S.(1991).Color Image Scale.Japan, Tokyo:Kodansha.
16. Kobayashi, S.(1981).The aim and method of the color image scale.Color Research & Application,6(2),93-107.
17. Lin, S.,Fortuna, J.,Kulkarni, C.,Stone, M.,Heer, J.(2013).Selecting semantically‐resonant colors for data visualization.Computer Graphics Forum,32(3),401-410.
18. Lindner, A.,Li, B. Z.,Bonnier, N.,Süsstrunk, S.(2012).A large-scale multi-lingual color thesaurus.Proceedings of the Color and Imaging Conference
19. Lindner, A.,Süsstrunk, S.(2013).Automatic color palette creation from words.Proceedings of the Color and Imaging Conference
20. Ou, L. C.,Luo, M. R.,Sun, P. L.,Hu, N. C.,Chen, H. S.,Guan, S. S.,Richter, K.(2012).A cross‐cultural comparison of colour emotion for two‐colour combinations.Color Research & Application,37(1),23-43.
21. Schauerte, B.,Stiefelhagen, R.(2012).Learning robust color name models from web images.Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)
22. Shen, Y. C.,Chen, Y. S.,Hsu, W. H.(1996).Quantitative evaluation of color harmony via linguistic‐based image scale for interior design.Color Research & Application,21(5),353-374.
23. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of experimental psychology, 18(6), 643
24. Taylor, J. R.(2003).Linguistic categorization.Oxford University Press.
25. Wang, Y.,Liu, J.,Wang, J.,Li, Y.,Lu, H.(2015).Color names learning using convolutional neural networks.Proceedings of the Image Processing (ICIP)
26. Zhang, Y.,Hu, K.,Ren, P.,Yang, C.,Xu, W.,Hua, X. S.(2017).Layout Style Modeling for Automating Banner Design.Proceedings of the Thematic Workshops of ACM Multimedia 2017,New York, NY:
27. 林伯賢(1999)。國人色彩偏好之調查分析。藝術學報，64，1-10。
28. 曾妍菁(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，中國文化大學。
29. 詹佳霖(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺中市，東海大學。
30. 謝翠如(2009)。博士論文(博士論文)。新竹市，國立交通大學。